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WORLD WARS & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

机译：世界战争与景观建筑

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JR. R. Tolkien's war-torn, lifeless land of Mordor made a stark contrast to his fertile, pastoral Shire. At the end of The Lord of the Rings, even the Shire is affected by the war. Sam has to use all his skills to heal and restore its landscape. Peter Jackson didn't include this final aspect in the films he directed, but it seemed a fitting conclusion, the damage to home finally healed by a Middle-earth version of a landscape architect. Of course there are similarities between this novel and the troubles of Europe in the world wars. Tolkien famously said, "I cordially dislike allegory in all its manifestations," but he must have been profoundly influenced by both wars. When he started writing The Lord of the Rings in 1937, only nineteen years had passed since the end of the Great War, in which he had served. It took him until 1949 to finish The Return of the King, the last book in the trilogy. The passages in Mordor and the last "Scouring of the Shire" chapters would have been written with knowledge of the reality of the UK's bombed towns such as Coventry, Glasgow and London. The hobbits' desire for a homely, pastoral life after their trials would have reflected the desire of many soldiers of the world wars to escape the awful, blasted terrains of Europe and Asia and retreat to the familiar landscapes of their home countries.
机译：JR托尔金（R. Tolkien）饱受战争折磨，毫无生气的默多（Mordor）土地与他肥沃的田园夏尔形成鲜明对比。在指环王的尽头，甚至夏尔也受到战争的影响。山姆必须使用他所有的技能来治愈和恢复其景观。彼得·杰克逊（Peter Jackson）并没有在他导演的电影中包含最后的内容，但这似乎是一个恰当的结论，对房屋的损害最终被中土版本的景观设计师治愈了。当然，这本小说与第二次世界大战中欧洲的麻烦有相似之处。托尔金曾有句著名的话：“我真诚地不喜欢寓言的所有表现形式，”但他一定受到两次战争的深刻影响。当他于1937年开始写《指环王》时，距他所服务的大战结束只有19年的时间。直到1949年，他才完成了三部曲中的最后一部《王者归来》。莫多的段落和最后的“夏尔的精练”一章都是在了解英国被炸的城镇如考文垂，格拉斯哥和伦敦的现实情况下编写的。霍比特人在被审判后对家庭生活的渴望，这反映了许多世界大战士兵的愿望，即他们逃避了欧洲和亚洲可怕的，被炸毁的地形，并退回到了他们祖国熟悉的风景中。

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