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Reconstructing nineteenth century landscapes from historical maps-the Survey of Western Palestine as a case study

机译：从历史地图重建19世纪的景观-以“西方巴勒斯坦调查”为例

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Geographic information systems allow the extraction and quantitative analysis of information from historical maps. The aims of this research were to examine the completeness of information represented on the 1881 Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) map, to quantitatively reconstruct the landscape of nineteenth century Palestine and to explore whether spatial patterns in land cover/land use can be partially explained statistically by physical and human factors. Using historical aerial photos, we concluded that most of the major past landscape features were indeed shown on the PEF map, with an average overall correspondence of 53%. Forests and Mediterranean maquis were more abundant at distances greater than 2km from towns and villages. Specific land cover/land-use types were associated with certain soil types, topographic regions and rainfall thresholds. In conclusion, the 1881 PEF map can serve as a reliable reference for understanding the land cover/land-use patterns of nineteenth century Palestine.
机译：地理信息系统允许从历史地图中提取和定量分析信息。这项研究的目的是检验1881年巴勒斯坦探索基金（PEF）地图上所代表信息的完整性，定量重建19世纪巴勒斯坦的景观，以及探索是否可以对统计学上的土地覆被/土地利用的空间格局进行部分解释。受人为因素影响。使用历史航拍照片，我们得出结论，PEF地图上确实显示了大多数过去的主要景观特征，平均总体对应率为53％。与城镇和村庄的距离超过2公里，森林和地中海小动物更为丰富。特定的土地覆盖/土地利用类型与某些土壤类型，地形区域和降雨阈值相关。总之，1881年的PEF地图可以作为了解19世纪巴勒斯坦土地覆被/土地利用模式的可靠参考。

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