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Modal Adverbs as Negotiation Chips

机译：情态副词作为谈判筹码

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摘要

A basic assumption is that modal adjectives such as possible, probable, certain, and evident, are synonymous with modal adverbs such as possibly, probably, certainly and evidently. In this paper we challenge this view, provide a uniform formal account of modal adverbs and modal adjectives, and discuss the role of modal adverbs in discourse. We present an expanded context update theory that includes an intermediate mechanism, Negotiation Zone, in addition to the common ground, within which are placed asserted propositions together with degrees of strength. Modal adverbs modify this degree of strength, representing the degree of belief of the speaker in her asserted proposition. The degree of belief functions as one of the sources of evidence that play a role in the hearer's decision process, and affects the hearer's considerations for accepting or rejecting the speaker's assertion.
机译：一个基本的假设是，诸如可能，可能，确定和明显的模态形容词与诸如可能，可能，肯定和显然的模态副词同义。在本文中，我们对这一观点提出了挑战，为情态副词和形容词提供了一个统一的形式化解释，并讨论了情态副词在语篇中的作用。我们提出了扩展的上下文更新理论，除了共同点外，还包括一个中间机制“协商区”，在其中放置主张的命题以及强度。情态副词会改变这种强度，代表说话者对自己主张的信念的信任程度。信念程度是在听者的决策过程中起作用的证据来源之一，并影响听者接受或拒绝讲话者主张的考虑。

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