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Culture as a Variable in the Study of Leisure

机译：休闲研究中的文化变量

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Leisure researchers increasingly have invoked culture, either implicitly or explicitly, with the claim that it accounts for differences either in leisure behavior or in attitudes, motivations, or other feelings about leisure among putatively different cultural groups. Unfortunately, they have generally been unclear on what they mean by the term “culture.” Instead, they have relied on either presumably universally understood folk definitions or on proxy measures such as nationality, language, ethnicity or race to distinguish among “cultures” and, thereby, to understand how culture allegedly affects leisure. Unfortunately, serious problems exist with this practice. The concepts of race and ethnicity, for example, are so heavily imbued with political meanings that their worth as scientific constructs is dubious at best (Brubaker, 2004; Chick et al., 2007). Moreover, whether they genuinely reflect cultural differences is an empirical issue, not one to be simply assumed. Finally, comparing leisure behavior between two or more allegedly culturally different groups is by itself not evidence that any observed variations are due to culture and not something else. Hence, I have two purposes in this research reflection. First, I urge leisure researchers to determine and then report if they are intentionally using culture as an explanatory variable in their studies and, if so, to define it. Second, I recommend a type of definition because recent advances theory and methods make the culture concept useful as an independent explanatory variable.
机译：休闲研究者越来越多地隐性或显式地引用文化，声称文化解释了休闲行为或态度，动机或其他假定的文化群体之间关于休闲的其他感受方面的差异。不幸的是，他们通常不清楚“文化”一词的含义。相反，他们依靠大概被普遍理解的民间定义或诸如国籍，语言，种族或种族的替代措施来区分“文化”，从而了解据称文化如何影响休闲。不幸的是，这种做法存在严重的问题。例如，种族和种族的概念就充满了政治含义，以至于它们作为科学构造的价值充其量是可疑的（Brubaker，2004； Chick等，2007）。而且，它们是否真正反映出文化差异是一个经验问题，而不是一个简单的假设。最后，比较两个或两个以上据称文化不同的群体之间的休闲行为本身并不能证明任何观察到的差异是由于文化而不是其他原因造成的。因此，本研究反思有两个目的。首先，我敦促休闲研究人员确定并报告他们是否故意在研究中使用文化作为解释变量，如果有的话，对其进行定义。其次，我推荐一种定义，因为最新的理论和方法使文化概念可以用作独立的解释变量。

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  • 来源
    《Leisure Sciences》 |2009年第3期|305-310|共6页
  • 作者

    Garry Chick;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;

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