Since the introduction of the first commercially successful light source more than 140 years ago, the lighting industry has gone through numerous transformations in technology, manufacturing, measurement, and application. In the most recent transformation, a white light emitted from a tiny semiconductor chip came on the scene and proceeded to completely change the way we design, manufacture, and even think about lighting. Now twenty years later, LED lighting has matured and replaced most older lighting technologies, and energy savings is guaranteed in nearly every application. With this maturity, however, LED lighting has become a commodity product whose price has continued to fall. While the erosion in price has helped to transform the market by making it more economical for consumers to choose LED lighting, it is not uncommon for these lamps and luminaires, often produced in overseas factories, to suffer from poor quality and performance, leading to disappointment and further decline.
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