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首页> 外文期刊>Limnology >Floating-leaved and emergent vegetation as habitat for fishes in a eutrophic temperate lake without submerged vegetation
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Floating-leaved and emergent vegetation as habitat for fishes in a eutrophic temperate lake without submerged vegetation

机译：浮叶和新兴植被是富营养化温带湖泊中没有淹没植被的鱼类栖息地

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摘要

Although submerged vegetation is considered to be the most suitable refuge against predators and form of foraging habitat for small fishes, submerged plants are often scarce or lacking in turbid eutrophic lakes. To evaluate emergent (Zizania latifolia) and floating-leaved (Nelumbo nucifera) vegetation as refuge areas against predators and as foraging habitats for small fishes, we investigated the fauna, abundance, and size distribution of the fish community as well as the abundance of possible prey for small fishes in beds of each vegetation type in a eutrophic shallow lake: Lake Teganuma in Japan. The leaves and stems of N. nucifera occupied an area 4.2 times larger than that of Z. latifolia. The high coverage of the water surface with plants most likely induced the hypoxia found in the N. nucifera bed. The diversity of small fishes was greater in the Z. latifolia bed with piscivorous fish than in the N. nucifera bed without piscivorous fish. The diversity of fish species in the vegetation was enhanced when there was an increased diversity of possible food sources rather than an absence of predators. Some aquatic insects of the same species had a much lower δ13C signature at hypoxic locations than at less hypoxic locations in the N. nucifera bed. Such site differences within a bed were not observed in the organisms caught in the Z. latifolia bed. The insects in hypoxic zones with a δ13C signature lower than −30 ‰ were more depleted in 13C than the surface sediment or attached algae, suggesting that the larvae in the hypoxic zones incorporated the organic materials generated by methane-oxidizing bacteria. We can therefore conclude that floating-leaved vegetation, especially a N. nucifera bed, is not suitable as a replacement for submerged vegetation because of its potential to induce hypoxia, which can decrease the diversity of the fish fauna.
机译：尽管人们认为淹没的植被是最适合捕食天敌和小鱼觅食栖息地的避难所，但在浑浊的富营养化湖泊中，淹没的植物通常稀少或缺乏。为了评估新兴（Zizania latifolia）和浮叶（Nelumbo nucifera）植被作为捕食者的避难区和小鱼的觅食生境，我们调查了鱼类群落的动物区系，丰度和大小分布以及可能的丰度富营养化浅湖（日本的Teganuma湖）中每个植被类型的床上的小鱼的猎物。 Nucifera的叶子和茎的面积是Z. latifolia的4.2倍。植物对水表面的高覆盖最有可能引起在N. nucifera床上发现的缺氧。带鱼食性鱼类的Z. latifolia床中的小鱼的多样性要大于不带鱼食性鱼类的N. nucifera床。当可能的食物来源增加而不是没有捕食者时，植被中鱼类的多样性得到增强。相同物种的某些水生昆虫在低氧位置的N13ifera的δ13C特征要低得多。床中的这种位点差异在捕获于Z. latifolia床的生物中未观察到。 δ13​​C特征值低于-30‰的低氧区中的昆虫在13C中比表面沉积物或附着的藻类消耗更多，这表明低氧区的幼虫吸收了甲烷氧化细菌产生的有机物质。因此，我们可以得出的结论是，浮叶植物（尤其是N. nucifera床）不适合替代水下植物，因为它具有诱发缺氧的潜力，而缺氧会降低鱼类的多样性。

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