Buying Time: Reducing Diesel Black Carbon Offers an Immediate Opportunity for Climate and Public Health Benefits

Conrad Schneider

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Buying Time: Reducing Diesel Black Carbon Offers an Immediate Opportunity for Climate and Public Health Benefits

机译：购买时间：减少柴油黑炭为气候和公共健康带来了直接机遇

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Policies targeting diesel BC emissions offer a viable climate strategy that can be implemented without delay and will deliver immediate climate benefits using technology available today. Moreover, diesel BC reduction policies can deliver important protection from PM pollution, one of the most potent and widespread air pollution-related public health threats. Achieving these policies domestically and globally will be challenging, but their significant health benefits make them extremely cost-beneficial and, in the end, they may constitute our best hedge against devastating near-term climate impacts.

机译：针对不列颠哥伦比亚省柴油排放的政策提供了可行的气候战略，该战略可以立即实施，并利用当今可用的技术立即带来气候效益。此外，降低柴油不列颠哥伦比亚省的政策可以提供重要的保护，以防止PM污染，PM污染是与空气污染相关的最强大，最广泛的公共健康威胁之一。在国内和全球范围内实施这些政策将具有挑战性，但它们的显着健康益处使其极具成本效益，最终，它们可能构成我们抵御破坏性的近期气候影响的最佳对冲措施。

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《The Magazine for Environmental Managers》 |2010年第3期|P.6-9|共4页
作者
Conrad Schneider;
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Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA;

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1. Alignment of policies to maximize the climate benefits of diesel vehicles through control of particulate matter and black carbon emissions [J] . Ray Minjares, Kate Blumberg, Francisco Posada Sanchez Energy Policy . 2013,第MARa期

机译：通过控制颗粒物和黑碳排放来调整政策，以最大化柴油车辆的气候效益
2. Global air quality and health co-benefits of mitigating near-term climate change through methane and black carbon emission controls [J] . AnenbergS.C., SchwartzJ., ShindellD., Environmental health perspectives. . 2012,第6期

机译：通过控制甲烷和黑碳排放来缓解近期气候变化的全球空气质量和健康共同利益
3. Global bang for the buck: Cutting black carbon and methane benefits both health and climate [J] . Environmental health perspectives. . 2012,第6期

机译：全球性的挑战：削减黑碳和甲烷有益于健康和气候
4. Putting the Economic Cart before the Healthy Horse: Barriers and Opportunities for Health Co-Benefits in Climate Change Mitigation Policies [C] . Annabelle Workman, Grant Blashki, Kathryn Bowen, Joint annual meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science and the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology . 2018

机译：把经济车放在健康马的前面：减缓气候变化政策中健康共同利益的障碍和机遇
5. Black Carbon and Climate Change: Exploring the Policy Options for Reducing Emissions from Diesel Fuel Consumption in the United States [D] . Carver, Liz 2011

机译：黑碳与气候变化：探索减少美国柴油燃料消耗排放的政策选择
6. Global Bang for the Buck: Cutting Black Carbon and Methane Benefits Both Health and Climate [O] . Bob Weinhold 2012

机译：全球经济大爆炸：减少黑碳和甲烷有益于健康和气候
7. ABSTRACTudThe purpose of this research is to obtain an optimal formulations of Black mulberry leaves dried noodle product by using Design Expert Application with Design Mixture D-optimal method.udThis research was done with two phases. The preliminary procedures research is to determine levels of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll content, and the levels of tannin that was contained in black mulberry leaves, the black mulberry leaf flour, a pare fruits, and pare flour. Primary research is to determine the best formulation by using a Mixture Design Expert Design D-optimal method, for a purpose is to optimized the Black mulberry leaf dry noodle. Responses in this studies are a chemical analysis response by using a crude fiber analysis and protein analysis. Physical response is water absorption. Sensory response are color, flavor, and odor.udBlack mulberry leaves dried noodles was made from wheat flour, black mulberry leaf flour, and pare flour, other materials such as an eggs, water, salt, and sodium bicarbonate, of the 16 formulations that has offered to produce an optimal formulation based on desirability which contains 39.69 Flour,14.25 Black Mulberry Leaves flour, 3.06 Pare fruit and flour amounted, and other materials are 30 water, 10 eggs, 2 salt, and 1 sodium bicarbonate. The formulation has been result by program 11,05 crude fiber content, 12.93 protein, 274.31 water absorption, 4,31 for color attribute, 3,87 for taste attribute, and 3,71 for aroma attribute.ududKeyword: Black mulberry leaf dried noodles, optimization. [O] . Leti Nurlatifah Alumni, Yudi Garnida DS, Tantan Widiantara DS 2017

机译：抽象 ud本研究的目的是通过使用带有Design Mixture D-最优方法的Design Expert Application获得黑桑叶干面条产品的最佳配方。 ud这项研究分两个阶段进行。初步程序研究是确定抗氧化剂活性，叶绿素含量以及黑桑叶，黑桑叶粉，果皮和果皮中所含单宁的含量。首要研究是通过使用Mixture Design Expert Design D-optimal方法确定最佳配方，目的是优化黑桑叶干面条。本研究中的反应是通过使用粗纤维分析和蛋白质分析进行的化学分析反应。物理反应是吸水。感官反应是颜色，味道和气味。黑桑叶干面条由小麦粉，黑桑叶粉和削皮粉，鸡蛋，水，盐和碳酸氢钠等其他材料制成，这16种配方可根据需要提供最佳配方其中包含39.69％的面粉，14.25％的黑桑叶面粉，3.06％的去皮水果和面粉，其他材料是30％的水，10％的鸡蛋，2％的盐和1％的碳酸氢钠。该配方是通过程序11,05％的粗纤维含量，12.93％的蛋白质，274.31％的吸水率，4.31的颜色属性，3,87的味道属性和3,71的芳香属性得出的。 ud关键字：黑桑叶干面条，优化。
8. Are There Any Counteracting Effects that Reduce the Global Warming Benefits Attributed to Black Carbon Controls. Assessment of Cloud Drop Number concentration Changes and Its Importance in Modeling Cloud Albedo Effects on Climate. [R] . Russell, L. M., Bahadur, R. 2012

机译：是否有任何抵消效应，减少归因于黑碳控制的全球变暖的好处。云滴数浓度变化的评估及其在模拟云反照率对气候影响中的重要性。

Buying Time: Reducing Diesel Black Carbon Offers an Immediate Opportunity for Climate and Public Health Benefits

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