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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Anti-predatory chemical defences in Antarctic benthic fauna
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Anti-predatory chemical defences in Antarctic benthic fauna

机译：南极底栖动物的反掠夺性化学防御

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Antarctic benthic communities are largely structured by predation, which leads to the development of mechanisms of repellence. Among those mechanisms, chemical defences are quite extensive, yet poorly understood. To increase knowledge about the role of chemical defences in the Southern Ocean ecosystems, we assessed the incidence of feeding repellents in sessile and vagile invertebrates from nine phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Nemertea, Annelida, Mollusca, Bryozoa, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Tunicata (Ascidiacea). Samples were collected at depths of 120-789 m in the eastern Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island, and at depths ranging 0-100 m in the South Shetland Islands. When possible, specimens were dissected to study anatomical allocation of repellents. The common, eurybathic sea star Odontaster validus was chosen to perform feeding repellence bioassays, using diethyl ether (lipophilic) and butanol (hydrophilic) extracts from these samples. Among the 75 species tested, 52 % were studied for the first time for anti-predatory properties. Results provide further evidence of the prevalence of defensive metabolites in Antarctic organisms, with 47 % of the species exhibiting significant repellence within their lipophilic extracts. They also suggest a wider use of nonpolar defensive chemicals. Sessile taxa displayed highest repellence activities, with ascidians, cnidarians, and sponges being the most chemically protected. Overall, the present study indicates that natural products by mediating trophic interactions between prey and their potential predators play an important role in structuring Antarctic benthic ecosystems.
机译：南极底栖生物群落主要由捕食构成，这导致了排斥机制的发展。在这些机制中，化学防御机制相当广泛，但了解甚少。为了增加对化学防御在南大洋生态系统中的作用的认识，我们评估了来自以下9种门的无柄和易变无脊椎动物中拒食剂的发生率：Porifera，Cnidaria，Nemertea，Annelida，Mollusca，Bryozoa，Echinodermata，Hemichordata和Tunicata（子囊）。在东部的韦德尔海和布维岛，以及位于南设得兰群岛的0-100 m范围内，收集的样本深度为120-789 m。如果可能，解剖标本以研究驱虫剂的解剖学分布。选择了普通的欧洲海星Odontaster Validus，使用来自这些样品的乙醚（亲脂性）和丁醇（亲水性）提取物进行拒食性生物测定。在测试的75个物种中，首次研究了52％的抗掠食性。结果提供了南极生物中防御性代谢物盛行的进一步证据，其中47％的物种在其亲脂性提取物中表现出明显的排斥作用。他们还建议更广泛地使用非极性防御性化学物质。无性分类单元显示出最高的驱避活性，其中海生动物，刺胞动物和海绵受到的化学保护最强。总体而言，本研究表明，天然产物通过介导猎物与其潜在掠食者之间的营养相互作用而在构造南极底栖生态系统中发挥着重要作用。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2015年第9期|1813-1821|共9页
  • 作者

    Moles Juan; Nunez-Pons Laura; Taboada Sergi; Figuerola Blanca; Cristobo Javier; Avila Conxita;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol Invertebrates, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain|Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IrBIO, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;

    Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol Invertebrates, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain|Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IrBIO, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain|Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA;

    Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol Invertebrates, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain|Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IrBIO, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;

    Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol Invertebrates, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain|Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IrBIO, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;

    Spanish Inst Oceanog IEO, Oceanog Ctr Gijon, Gijon 33212, Spain;

    Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Anim Biol Invertebrates, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain|Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Biodivers Res Inst IrBIO, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;

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