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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Energy budgets reveal equal benefits of varied migration strategies in northern gannets
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Energy budgets reveal equal benefits of varied migration strategies in northern gannets

机译：能源预算揭示了北部塘鹅不同迁徙策略的同等收益

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摘要

We investigated migration and wintering of adult northern gannets (Morus bassanus) breeding in east Scotland, North Sea, by deploying geolocation loggers over three winters. The wintering ranges of these birds varied from the North Sea to the Atlantic off West Africa. Flight time was taken as a proxy for migration and foraging effort. Gannets wintering off Africa had higher total flight times during migration than birds wintering further north. Total flight times in different wintering regions were generally low. Birds off West Africa consistently spent < 25 % of daylight hours in flight, but birds further north showed more variable values that may reflect more variable weather or food availability. Winter sea surface temperatures ranged from 9 °C (North Sea) to 16 °C (West Africa). Thermostatic costs in winter as estimated by measuring thermal conductance in carcasses in still air and water were 28 % higher in North Sea than off West Africa. This effect is aggravated by higher thermostatic costs caused by stronger wind chills in the North Sea compared to the conditions off West Africa. Birds wintering close to the UK arrived at the colony on average 12 days earlier than birds wintering off West Africa. We conclude that the net cost-benefit analysis may be similar for all wintering areas investigated.
机译：我们通过在三个冬季内部署地理位置记录器，调查了北苏格兰东部苏格兰东部成年北塘鹅（Morus bassanus）的迁徙和越冬。这些鸟类的越冬范围从北海到西非的大西洋不等。飞行时间是迁移和觅食工作的代名词。在非洲以外越冬的塘鹅在迁徙期间的总飞行时间要比在更北部越冬的鸟类更长。不同冬季区域的总飞行时间通常很短。西非以外地区的鸟类始终花费少于25％的日间飞行时间，但更北的鸟类显示出更多的可变值，这可能反映了天气或食物供应的变化。冬季海表温度范围从9°C（北海）到16°C（西非）。通过测量静止空气和水中的cas体导热系数估算的冬季恒温成本在北海比西非海域高28％。与西非沿海地区相比，北海更强的寒风导致更高的恒温成本，从而加剧了这种影响。在英国附近越冬的鸟类比在西非越冬的鸟类平均提前12天到达该殖民地。我们得出结论，对于所有调查的越冬地区，净成本效益分析可能相似。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2012年第9期|p.1907-1915|共9页
  • 作者

    Stefan Garthe; Katrin Ludynia; Ommo Hiippop; Ulrike Kubetzki; Juan F. Meraz; Robert W. Furness;

  • 作者单位

    Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel,Hafentorn 1, 25761 Busum, Germany;

    Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel,Hafentorn 1, 25761 Busum, Germany,Animal Demography Unit (ADU), Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;

    Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel,Hafentorn 1, 25761 Busum, Germany,Institute of Avian Research 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', Inselstation Helgoland, PO Box 1220, 27494 Helgoland, Germany;

    Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), University of Kiel,Hafentorn 1, 25761 Busum, Germany;

    College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;

    College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;

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