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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >The ecological significance of lipid/fatty acid synthesis in developing eggs and newly hatched larvae of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
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The ecological significance of lipid/fatty acid synthesis in developing eggs and newly hatched larvae of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

机译：太平洋鳕鱼（Gadus macrocephalus）的发育卵和新孵化的幼虫中脂质/脂肪酸合成的生态意义

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摘要

The lipid/fatty acid composition of marine fish eggs and larvae is linked with buoyancy regulation, but our understanding of such processes is largely restricted to species with pelagic eggs. In this study, we examined developmental changes in the lipid/fatty acids of eggs and embryos of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), a species that spawns demersal eggs along coastal shelf edges, but as larvae must make a rapid transition to the upper reaches of the water column. Adult Pacific cod were collected in the Gulf of Alaska during the spawning season and eggs of two females were artificially fertilized with sperm from three males for each female. The eggs were subsequently reared in the laboratory to determine (1) how lipids/fatty acids were catabolized during egg and larval development, and (2) whether lipid/fatty acid catabolism had measurable effects on egg/embryo density. Eggs incubated at 4℃ began hatching after 3-weeks and continued to hatch over a 10-day period, during which there was a distinct shift in lipid classes (phospholipids (PL), triacyglycerols (TAG), and sterols (ST)) and essential fatty acids (EFAs: 22:6n-3 (DHA), 20:5n-3 (EPA), and 20:4n-6 (AA)). In the egg stage, total lipid content steadily decreased during the first 60% of development, but just prior to hatch we observed an unexpected 2-3-fold lipid increase (～6-9 μg individual~(-1)) andrna significant drop in egg density. The increase in lipids was largely driven by PL, with evidence of long-chained fatty acid synthesis. Late-hatching larvae had progressively decreasing lipid and fatty acid reserves, suggesting a shift from lipogenesis to lipid catabolism with continued larval development. Egg density measures suggest that lipid/fatty acid composition is linked to buoyancy regulation as larvae shift from a demersal to a pelagic existence following hatch. The biochemical pathway by which Pacific cod are apparently able to synthesize EFAs is unknown, therefore representing a remarkable finding meriting further investigation.
机译：海水鱼卵和幼虫的脂质/脂肪酸组成与浮力调节有关，但我们对此类过程的理解在很大程度上限于浮游卵类。在这项研究中，我们研究了太平洋鳕鱼（Gadus macrocephalus）卵和胚胎的脂质/脂肪酸的发育变化，该物种沿沿海架子边缘产卵，但由于幼体必须快速过渡到卵的上游水柱。在产卵季节在阿拉斯加湾收集成年太平洋鳕鱼，每只雌性用三只雄性的精子对两名雌性的卵进行人工受精。随后将鸡蛋在实验室中饲养，以确定（1）鸡蛋/幼虫发育过程中脂质/脂肪酸如何分解代谢，以及（2）脂质/脂肪酸分解代谢是否对鸡蛋/胚胎密度产生可测量的影响。在4℃下孵化的鸡蛋在3周后开始孵化，并在10天的时间内继续孵化，在此期间，脂质类别（磷脂（PL），甘油三酸酯（TAG）和固醇（ST））发生了明显变化。必需脂肪酸（EFAs：22：6n-3（DHA），20：5n-3（EPA）和20：4n-6（AA））。在卵期，总脂质含量在发育的前60％稳定下降，但是在孵化之前，我们观察到脂质意外地增加了2-3倍（〜6-9μg个体〜（-1））和RNA的显着下降鸡蛋密度。脂质的增加在很大程度上是由PL驱动的，有长链脂肪酸合成的证据。孵化后期的幼虫的脂质和脂肪酸储备逐渐减少，这表明随着幼虫的不断发育，其从脂肪生成转变为脂质分解代谢。卵密度的测量表明，随着孵化后幼虫从海底到上层的存在，脂质/脂肪酸的组成与浮力调节有关。太平洋鳕鱼显然能够合成EFA的生化途径尚不清楚，因此代表了一项值得进一步研究的重要发现。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2010年第8期|P.1713-1724|共12页
  • 作者

    Benjamin J. Laurel; Louise A. Copeman; Thomas P. Hurst; Christopher C. Parrish;

  • 作者单位

    Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA;

    rnFisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA;

    rnFisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA;

    Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Logy Bay, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;

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