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Prey ecology and behaviour affect foraging strategies in the Great Cormorant

机译：猎物的生态和行为影响大Cor的觅食策略

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摘要

The fine link between a particular dive pattern and a specific prey item represents a challenging task in the analysis of marine predator-prey relationships. There is growing evidence that prey type affects diving seabirds' foraging strategies, dive shapes and underwater activity costs. This study investigates whether a generalist diver, the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, modifies the time budget allocated to prey-capture behaviour and breathing strategies (reactive vs. anticipatory) with respect to the prey type (pelagic vs. benthic). Video recordings of 91 Great Cormorants show how the ecology and behaviour of their main prey, Mullets (Mugilidae) and Flounders Platichthys flesus, affect dive/surface durations and the diving pattern. The demersal habit and the low mobility of Flounders leads to an easy access to prey with an anticipatory strategy. Moreover, the patchy distribution of this fish species increases prey-capture rates. Conversely, Mullets exploit the whole water column and are highly mobile, and this is reflected in the need of performing two sequential dives to capture a prey, both longer and likely more expensive, with a consequent switch of strategy from reactive in the searching phase to anticipatory breathing during prey-capture events. This study provides evidence that a generalist diver may switch between different foraging strategies, and it shows how each of them may be optimal under particular ecological conditions. These constraints influence the dynamics that operate within the marine food chains andrnhave relevant implications in managing lagoon areas, including fish ponds.
机译：在分析海洋捕食者与猎物之间的关系时，特定潜水模式与特定猎物之间的精细联系代表着一项艰巨的任务。越来越多的证据表明猎物类型会影响潜水海鸟的觅食策略，潜水形状和水下活动成本。这项研究调查了全能潜水员大Cor Cor是否根据猎物类型（远洋与底栖动物）修改了分配给猎物捕获行为和呼吸策略（反应性与预期性）的时间预算。 91只大Cor的录像带显示了它们的主要猎物Mul鱼（ug鱼）和比目鱼Platichthys flesus的生态和行为如何影响潜水/水面持续时间和潜水模式。 mers鱼的沉没习惯和低流动性导致他们容易采用预期策略捕食猎物。此外，这种鱼类的零散分布增加了捕获物的捕获率。相反，Mul鱼会利用整个水域，并且流动性很强，这体现在需要进行两次连续潜水来捕获猎物的过程中，这种猎物既长又可能更贵，并且随之将策略从搜索阶段的被动转换为捕获猎物期间的预期呼吸。这项研究提供的证据表明，通才潜水员可能会在不同的觅食策略之间进行切换，并且表明了每种策略在特定的生态条件下可能是最佳的。这些制约因素影响着海洋食物链中的动力，并且在管理包括鱼池在内的泻湖地区方面具有相关意义。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2010年第11期|P.2533-2544|共12页
  • 作者

    Mauro Cosolo; rnEnrico A. Ferrero; rnStefano Sponza;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 9, 34127 Trieste, Italy;

    rnDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 9, 34127 Trieste, Italy;

    rnDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 9, 34127 Trieste, Italy;

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