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Control of larval release in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: role of chemical cues

机译：加勒比多刺龙虾（Panulirus argus）中幼虫释放的控制：化学提示的作用

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The current model for larval release in subtidal crustaceans suggests that hatching time is controlled by the embryos, which release- a pheromone that stimulates the parent female to undergo behaviors that synchronize larval release. Alternatively, hatching could be controlled by the females. Ovigerous spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latr-eille) exhibit stereotypic behaviors during larval release, including rapid abdominal extensions and pleopod-pump-ing activity. Ovigerous P. argus were collected from coral reefs in the Florida Keys, USA during the summers of 2005 and 2006. Pleopod-pumping activity was quantified to determine if a female's pumping activity correlates with the developmental state of the embryos. The role of phero-mones released by developing and hatching embryos in controlling pumping behaviors was tested by measuring the pumping response of ovigerous lobsters to (1) hatch water, (2) homogenized embryo water, (3) embryo-conditioned water (unhatched late-stage embryos soaked for 20 h), and (4) water containing homogenized post-hatch embryo cases. Bioassays were conducted under constant conditions (dim-red light) in the laboratory at random times during the day to control for any possible rhythm in pumping activity. Spontaneous pleopod-pumping activity increased significantly with increasing embryo development. Upon exposure to hatch water, ovigerous lobsters with late-stage embryos displayed increased pleopod pumping with increased treatment concentration. Water individually conditionedrnwith homogenized late-stage embryos, intact late-stage embryos, and homogenized post-hatch embryo cases all induced larval release behaviors in females with late-stage embryos. Ovigerous females with early-stage embryos did not respond to water conditioned with homogenized early- or late-stage embryos. These results suggest that active substances are released by embryos at the time of hatching and induce the stereotypical pumping behaviors of the female that synchronizes larval release. The results support the model that larval release in subtidal crustaceans is controlled by pheromones released from hatching embryos.
机译：当前潮汐甲壳类动物幼体释放的模型表明，孵化时间受胚胎控制，胚会释放信息素，该信息素会刺激雌性雌性进行与幼体释放同步的行为。或者，可以由雌性控制孵化。卵生多刺龙虾Panulirus argus（Latr-eille）在幼体释放期间表现出定型行为，包括快速的腹部伸展和腹足抽动活动。在2005年和2006年夏季，从美国佛罗里达礁岛的珊瑚礁中收集到了阿格斯龙虾。对P足类动物的抽水活动进行了定量，以确定雌性的抽水活动是否与胚胎的发育状态相关。通过测量卵龙虾对（1）孵化水，（2）均质化胚胎水，（3）胚胎调节水（未孵化后期）的卵生龙虾的抽水反应，测试了发育和孵化胚胎释放的信息素在控制抽水行为中的作用。阶段的胚胎浸泡20小时），以及（4）含有均质的孵化后胚胎的案例。在实验室中，恒定的条件（暗红色）在一天中的随机时间进行生物测定，以控制泵送活动的任何可能节律。自发的腹足抽动活性随着胚胎发育的增加而显着增加。接触孵化水后，具有晚期胚胎的有卵龙虾表现出增加的百日草抽动和增加的处理浓度。分别以均质的晚期胚胎，完整的晚期胚胎和均质的孵化后胚胎为例的水均在具有晚期胚胎的雌性中诱导幼虫释放行为。早期胚胎的雌雄无力对均质的早期或晚期胚胎条件下的水没有反应。这些结果表明，活性物质在孵化时由胚胎释放，并诱发与幼虫释放同步的雌性定型泵浦行为。结果支持该模型，即潮汐甲壳类动物的幼体释放受孵化胚胎释放的信息素控制。

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