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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Embryogenesis and larval biology of the ahermatypic scleractinian Oculina varicosa
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Embryogenesis and larval biology of the ahermatypic scleractinian Oculina varicosa

机译：轮状巩膜巩膜囊虫的静脉曲张的胚胎发生和幼虫生物学

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The ivory tree coral Oculina varicosa (Leseur, 1820) is an ahermatypic branching scleractinian that colonizes limestone ledges at depths of 6 - 100 m along the Atlantic coast of Florida. This paper describes the development of embryos and larvae from shallow- water O. varicosa, collected at 6 - 8 m depth in July 1999 o. Fort Pierce, Florida ( 27degrees 32.542 N; 79degrees 58.732 W). The effect of temperature on embryogenesis, larval survival, and larval swimming speed were examined in the laboratory. Ontogenetic changes in geotaxis and phototaxis were also investigated. Embryos developed via spiral cleavage from small ( 100 mum), negatively buoyant eggs. Ciliated larvae developed after 6 - 9 h at 25 degreesC. Embryogenesis ceased at 10 degreesC, was inhibited at 17 degreesC, and progressed normally at 25 degreesC and 30 degreesC. Larval survival, however, was high across the full range of experimental temperatures ( 11 - 31 degreesC), although mortality increased in the warmest treatments ( 26 degreesC and 31 degreesC). Larval swimming speed was highest at 25 degreesC, and lower at the temperature extremes ( 5 degreesC and 35 degreesC). An ontogenetic change in geotaxis was observed; newly ciliated larvae swam to the water surface and remained there for approximately 18 h, after which they swam briefly throughout the water column, then became demersal. Early larvae showed no response to light stimulation, but at 14 and 23 days larvae appeared to exhibit negatively phototactic behavior. Although low temperatures inhibited the development of O. varicosa embryos, the larvae survived temperature extremes for extended periods of time. Ontogenetic changes in larval behavior may ensure that competent larvae are close to the benthos to facilitate settlement. Previous experiments on survival, swimming speeds, and observations on behavior of O. varicosa larvae from deep-water adults indicate that there is no difference between larvae of the deep and shallow populations.
机译：象牙树珊瑚Oculina varicosa（Leseur，1820）是一种光亮的分支菌，在佛罗里达州大西洋沿岸的6-100 m深度处的石灰岩壁架上定殖。本文描述了1999年7月在6-8 m深度采集的浅水曲霉的胚和幼虫的发育。佛罗里达州皮尔斯堡（27度32.542 N; 79度58.732 W）。在实验室中检查了温度对胚胎发生，幼虫存活和幼虫游动速度的影响。还研究了趋地性和趋光性的个体发生变化。胚胎通过螺旋切割从小的（100毫米）负浮力卵发育而来。纤毛虫幼虫在25摄氏度6-9小时后发育。胚胎发生在10°C停止，在17°C被抑制，并在25°C和30°C正常进行。然而，尽管在最温暖的处理中（26摄氏度和31摄氏度）死亡率会增加，但在整个实验温度范围（11至31摄氏度）中，幼虫的存活率很高。幼虫的游泳速度在25摄氏度时最高，而在极端温度（5摄氏度和35摄氏度）下则较低。观察到了地轴线的个体发生变化。新纤毛的幼虫游到水面并停留约18小时，此后它们在整个水柱中短暂游动，然后变为沉水。早期的幼虫对光刺激没有反应，但是在14天和23天时，幼虫表现出负的趋光行为。尽管低温抑制了水曲柳胚的发育，但幼虫可以在极端温度下存活较长的时间。幼虫行为的自体发生变化可以确保有能力的幼虫靠近底栖动物以利于沉降。以前关于深水成虫的水曲柳幼虫的存活，游泳速度和行为观察的实验表明，深水种群和浅水种群的幼虫之间没有差异。

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