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Superoxide production by marine microalgae Ⅰ. Survey of 37 species from 6 classes

机译:海洋微藻产生超氧化物Ⅰ。调查6类的37种

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A survey was conducted for production of the reactive oxygen species superoxide by 37 species (65 strains) of microalgae including dinoflagellates, raphi-dophytes, chlorophytes, prasinophytes, eustigmato-phytes and prymnesiophytes. Ichthyotoxic raphidophyte species of Chattonella were found to produce the highest environmental levels of superoxide (177 x 10~4 total chemiluminescence units). However, ichthyotoxic dinoflagellates (Karenia, Alexandrium) and the prymnesio-phyte Prymnesium were also found to produce significant levels of superoxide (4 x 10~4, 3 x 10~4 and 5 x 10~4 chemiluminescence units, respectively), equivalent to that of other raphidophyte species of Heterosigma and Fibrocapsa (6 x 10~4 and 2 x 10~4, respectively). A direct relationship between cell size and superoxide production was observed (r~2 = 0.94), with larger cells producing more superoxide per cell. Chattonella produced the most superoxide per cell (expressed as cellular chemiluminescence units), followed by the dinoflagellate species Karenia, Alexandrium, Takayama and Gymnodinium. Small cells, such as the raphidophyte Heterosigma and the prymnesiophyte Prymnesium produced very little superoxide per cell (cellular chemiluminescence units), but potentially could still produce high total levels of superoxide if present at high biomass levels. Species commonly used as aquaculture bivalve feeds such as Dunaliella, Tetraselmis, Nannochloropsis and Pavlova produced negligible levels of superoxide, even at high biomass. We speculate that superoxide, while not the sole ichthyotoxic principle, may play a wider role in algal toxicity than previously considered, and propose a broad classification of microalgae based upon superoxide production.
机译:进行了一项调查,调查了37种藻类(65个菌株)中的活性氧超氧化物的产生情况,这些藻类包括鞭毛藻,菱角藻,叶绿藻,藻类藻,桔梗藻和褐藻藻。发现沙通氏菌的具有化学毒性的斜生植物种类可产生最高的环境超氧化物水平(177 x 10〜4总化学发光单位)。然而,鱼鳞毒素二鞭毛(Karenia,Alexandrium)和褐藻类植物Pyrymnesium也被发现会产生显着水平的超氧化物(分别为4 x 10〜4、3 x 10〜4和5 x 10〜4化学发光单位)。杂种和杂藻的其他斜生植物种类(分别为6 x 10〜4和2 x 10〜4)。观察到细胞大小与超氧化物产生之间的直接关系(r〜2 = 0.94),较大的细胞每细胞产生更多的超氧化物。沙爹氏菌的每个细胞产生的超氧化物最多(以细胞化学发光单位表示),其次是鞭毛藻(Karenia,Alexandrium,Takayama和Gymnodinium)。小细胞,如水生植物杂种菌和肺细菌植物Pr菌,每个细胞产生的超氧化物很少(细胞化学发光单位),但如果以高生物量水平存在,仍可能产生高总量的超氧化物。通常用作水产养殖双壳类饲料的物种,例如杜氏藻,四齿螨,拟南芥和帕夫洛娃,即使在高生物量的情况下,产生的超氧化物水平也可忽略不计。我们推测,超氧化物虽然不是唯一的鱼腥毒素原理,但在藻类毒性中的作用可能比以前考虑的要广泛,并根据超氧化物的产生提出了微藻的广泛分类。

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