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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Superoxide production by marine microalgae Ⅱ. Towards understanding ecological consequences and possible functions
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Superoxide production by marine microalgae Ⅱ. Towards understanding ecological consequences and possible functions

机译：海洋微藻类产生超氧化物Ⅱ。理解生态后果和可能的功能

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This study investigated the possible roles of superoxide produced by raphidophyte and prymnesio-phyte microalgae as an ichthyotoxic agent to damselfish and an allelopathic agent to bacteria. We found that the rate of superoxide production varied with algal cell density, with cell densities of the raphidophyte Chatto-nella marina > 10,000 cells ml~(-1) producing less environmental levels of superoxide per cell (94 ± 14 chemiluminescence units) than cell densities < 10,000 cells ml~(-1) (390 ± 54 units per cell). Microalgal cells have the capacity to change their superoxide production rate over a period of 1 h, dependent on cell density and metabolic activity. We also examined the effect of superoxide on suppression of bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri as a model for bacterial alleopathy and found that both superoxide and free fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) present in raphidophyte microalgal cells cause suppression of bacterial bioluminescence. The combination of superoxide in the presence of EPA further enhanced bioluminescence suppression. Superoxide was also found to enhance the toxicity of free fatty acid EPA to damselfish (Acanthochromis polycanthus) at concentrations as low as 0.2 mg l~(-1). In conclusion, consideration should be given to density dependent and/or metabolic variations of toxicity when publishing minimum alert levels for superoxide producing ichthyotoxic microalgal species. A secondary role of superoxide production may be to enhance the toxicity of algal exudates or serve as an allelopathic agent against bacterial fouling.
机译：这项研究调查了由鳞翅目植物和褐藻类植物微藻产生的超氧化物作为鱼腥草鱼毒和对细菌的化感作用的可能作用。我们发现超氧化物的产生速率随藻类细胞密度的变化而变化，斜纹藻属Chatto-nella marina的细胞密度> 10,000个细胞ml〜（-1），每个细胞产生的环境超氧化物水平（94±14化学发光单位）比细胞少密度<10,000个细胞ml〜（-1）（每个细胞390±54单位）。微藻细胞有能力在1小时内改变其超氧化物的产生速率，具体取决于细胞密度和代谢活性。我们还研究了超氧化物作为细菌性变态反应模型对抑制海洋细菌费氏弧菌生物发光的抑制作用，并发现存在于斜生藻类微藻细胞中的超氧化物和游离脂肪酸（如二十碳五烯酸（EPA； 20：5ω3））均引起抑制作用细菌生物发光。在EPA存在下超氧化物的结合进一步增强了生物发光抑制。还发现超氧化物能以低至0.2 mg l〜（-1）的浓度增强游离脂肪酸EPA对雀鲷（Acanthochromis polycanthus）的毒性。总之，在发布产生超氧化物的鱼毒微藻的最低警戒水平时，应考虑毒性的密度依赖性和/或代谢变化。超氧化物产生的次要作用可能是增强藻类渗出液的毒性或用作化感作用剂以防止细菌结垢。

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