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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Responses to extreme seasonality in food supply: diet plasticity in Antarctic brachiopods
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Responses to extreme seasonality in food supply: diet plasticity in Antarctic brachiopods

机译：对食品供应极端季节性的反应：南极腕足动物的饮食可塑性

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The ice gouged, shallow, polar seabed is a challenging place to live, but suspension feeders are particularly rich and abundant there. The extreme seasonality of food supply from phytoplankton at high latitudes, combined with very stable temperatures has not, however, reduced the range of life history adaptations. Some species extend feeding and growing periods by concentrating on smaller, lower biomass but longer duration, fractions of phytoplankton. Here we show that shallow-water Antarctic brachiopods can switch from pelagic to benthic food sources when required. Like most suspension feeders they utilise the extremely abundant summer phytoplankton blooms, but unlike many other groups brachiopods do not appear to become dormant in winter. In shallow sites around the world wind and wave action resuspend benthic material, making it available to filter feeders. Widespread ice disturbance at polar latitudes may also cause resuspension enhancing local food supply. Articulate brachiopods have blind-ended guts and probably feed little once a large bolus of food has been collected, so a resuspension event may represent a significant enhancement of yearly food availability. The key to their ability to utilise unpredictable food sources is the same trait responsible for their polar success; very low maintenance costs and a catholic diet. Utilising resuspended material could be an important factor in global brachiopod distributions. Previously difficult to explain high brachiopod densities in New Zealand, Northwest Europe and the Canadian Pacific Coast may occur because these areas are all in the world's windiest, and hence strongest resuspension, latitudes.
机译：刨冰，浅层，极地海底是一个充满挑战的地方，但那里的悬浮喂食器特别丰富。高纬度地区浮游植物的食物供应极端季节性，再加上非常稳定的温度，并没有减少适应生活史的​​范围。一些物种通过集中于较小的，较低的生物量，但持续时间较长的浮游植物部分来延长摄食和成长期。在这里，我们表明，在需要时，南极腕足动物可以从上层食物来源转变为底层食物来源。像大多数悬浮饲养者一样，它们利用极其丰富的夏季浮游植物水华，但与许多其他种群不同，腕足动物似乎在冬季不会休眠。在世界各地的浅水区，风和波浪作用使底栖物质重新悬浮，使其可用于过滤给料器。极地纬度地区广泛的冰灾也可能导致重新悬浮，从而增强当地的粮食供应。铰接腕足类动物有盲肠，一旦收集了大量的食物，就可能很少喂食，因此重悬事件可能表示每年食物的可利用量大大增加。他们利用不可预测的食物来源的能力的关键在于其极致成功的相同特征。非常低的维护成本和宽容饮食。利用重悬的物质可能是全球腕足动物分布的重要因素。以前很难解释新西兰，西北欧洲和加拿大太平洋海岸的腕足动物高密度，因为这些地区都是世界上最风的地区，因此是最强的悬浮地带。

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