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Investigation of molecular biomarkers as potential indicators of health in wild belugas (Delphinapterus leucas)

机译：分子生物标记物作为野生白鲸健康的潜在指标的研究

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摘要

The health implications of increasing exposure of marine mammals to environmental and anthropogenic stressors have been of major concern, warranting a better understanding of underlying physiology. This study screened gene expression profiles of ten stress and immune-related biomarkers using real-time polymerase chain reaction in both wild and aquarium belugas, reporting their reference ranges. Blood (n=75) and skin (n=73) samples were collected from wild belugas following live capture-release health assessments during 2008, 2012-2014 in Bristol Bay (58.86 degrees N, 158.70 degrees W), and subsistence hunts during 2012-2014 in Eastern Chukchi Sea (69.75 degrees N, 163.05 degrees W) in Alaska. Blood samples were also collected from five aquarium belugas (41.3733 degrees N, 71.9533 degrees W) in Mystic, Connecticut, under behavioral control. Live-captured whales showed significant (p<0.05) down-regulation of interferon-gamma (IFN) pre- versus post-examination blood along with increasing serum cortisol levels, indicative of physiological response to capture stress. Wild belugas also displayed higher levels of inflammatory IFN when compared to aquarium whales. When compared to blood, skin samples displayed higher differentiation among the two wild populations based on t tests, principle component analysis and general linear model analysis including significant (multiple-test-corrected p<0.05) seasonal and/or spatial effects. Interleukins IL10 and IL12, transforming growth factor beta (TGF), glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) were the most informative biomarkers in skin reflecting gene expression changes between populations. Overall, biomarkers listed in this study were suggested as promising indicators of health status in belugas, and confirmed usefulness of skin as a minimally invasive matrix to capture population-level differences in free-ranging cetaceans.
机译：海洋哺乳动物日益暴露于环境和人为压力源对健康的影响已引起人们的极大关注，需要对潜在的生理学有更好的了解。这项研究使用实时聚合酶链反应在野生和水族馆白鲸中筛选了十种应激和免疫相关生物标志物的基因表达谱，报告了它们的参考范围。在2008年，2012-2014年在布里斯托尔湾（北纬58.86度，北纬158.70度）进行实时捕获释放健康评估之后，从野生白鲸采集了血液（n = 75）和皮肤（n = 73）样本，并在2012年进行了生存狩猎-2014年阿拉斯加楚科奇东部海（北纬69.75度，西经163.05度）。在行为控制下，还从康涅狄格州密斯迪奇市的五个水族馆白鲸（41.3733度北，71.9533度W）中采集了血液样本。活检的鲸鱼在检查前和检查后的血液中均表现出明显的（p <0.05）干扰素-γ（IFN）下调以及血清皮质醇水平升高，表明对捕获压力的生理反应。与水族馆鲸鱼相比，野生白鲸也表现出更高水平的炎性干扰素。与血液相比，基于t检验，主成分分析和一般线性模型分析，皮肤样品在两个野生种群之间显示出更高的分化能力，包括明显的（经多次测试校正的p <0.05）季节性和/或空间效应。白细胞介素IL10和IL12，转化生长因子β（TGF），糖皮质激素受体（Nr3c1），Toll样受体4（TLR4）和芳烃受体（AHR）是皮肤中最有用的生物标志物，反映了人群之间基因表达的变化。总的来说，这项研究中列出的生物标志物被认为是白鲸健康状况的有前途的指标，并证实了皮肤作为一种微创基质来捕获自由放养的鲸类中种群水平差异的有用性。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2018年第12期|182.1-182.19|共19页
  • 作者

    Unal Ebru; Goertz Caroline E. C.; Hobbs Roderick C.; Suydam Robert; Romano Tracy;

  • 作者单位

    Mystic Aquarium 55 Coogan Blvd Mystic CT 06355 USA;

    Alaska Sea Life Ctr POB 1329 301 Railway Ave Seward AK 99664 USA;

    Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr Natl Marine Mammal Lab 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle WA 98115 USA;

    Dept Wildlife Management POB 69 Barrow AK 99723 USA;

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