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The diet of greater crested terns off southeast Australia varies with breeding stage and sea surface temperature

机译：澳大利亚东南部的大冠燕鸥的饮食随着繁殖阶段和海表面温度而异

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摘要

Monitoring seabird diet can provide insights into marine ecosystems that are logistically difficult or costly to observe with traditional fisheries survey methods. Using digital photography, we described the diet of greater crested terns (Thalasseus bergii) breeding on Montague Island (36 degrees 15' S, 150 degrees 13' E), a colony located in an oceanographically dynamic region of southeast Australia. We investigated how the type and size of prey brought back to the colony changed in relation to both breeding stage and variation in local environmental conditions. 2469 prey items were identified to species or family level over 35 consecutive days of photo-sampling in 2018. Australian anchovy (Engraulis australis), a surface-schooling clupeid fish, was the most abundant prey returned to the colony during all breeding stages (84.5%). The proportion of anchovy increased from 77.0% when birds were provisioning their adult partners during incubation, to 92.4% when they were provisioning chicks, suggesting selective foraging behaviour on this energy-rich species to facilitate rapid chick growth. Anchovy size was significantly larger during incubation (91.1 +/- 14.9 mm), smaller during early chick provisioning (71.8 +/- 11.0 mm), and increased slightly during mid provisioning (79.6 +/- 11.9 mm), indicating adaptive prey selection that is matched to the physical requirements of different breeding stages. The proportion of anchovy prey was also influenced by sea surface temperature (SST), with anchovy becoming more dominant with increasing local SSTs, up to similar to 17.5 degrees C. This study gives new insight into the types of prey that are seasonally available to predators in this region. The strong specialisation by greater crested terns for one energy-rich species of schooling fish (anchovy) suggests that variation in the size and composition of their prey may serve as an indicator of change in the pelagic ecosystem off southeast Australia.
机译：监测海鸟饮食可以向海洋生态系统的见解提供逻辑上困难或昂贵，以观察传统渔业调查方法。使用数码摄影，我们描述了在蒙塔古岛（36度15的15年度，150度13'e），位于澳大利亚东南部的海洋动态地区的殖民地。我们调查了如何与育种阶段和地方环境条件的变异相关的猎物的类型和大小如何改变。 2469年捕食物品被确定为在2018年的光学抽样连续35天的物种或家庭水平。澳大利亚凤尾鱼（Engraulis Australis）是一条面教的Clupeid鱼，是在所有繁殖阶段期间返回殖民地的最丰富的猎物（84.5 ％）。当鸟类在孵化期间向其成人合作伙伴提供其成年伙伴提供鸡群时，凤尾鱼的比例从77.0％增加到92.4％，表明在这种能量丰富的物种上选择性地觅食行为，以促进快速的小鸡生长。在孵化期间（91.1 +/- 14.9 mm），凤尾大尺寸明显较大，在早期的小鸡供应（71.8 +/- 11.0 mm）中较小，并且在中间供应期间略微增加（79.6 +/- 11.9 mm），表明适应性猎物选择与不同育种阶段的物理要求相匹配。凤尾鱼猎物的比例也受到海面温度（SST）的影响，凤尾鱼随着局部SST的增加而变得更加占主导地位，达到与17.5℃相似。该研究对捕食者提供了新的洞察季节性的猎物类型在这个地区。对一个能量丰富的学校教育鱼类（凤尾鱼）的强有力的燕鸥的强烈专业表明，他们的猎物的规模和成分的变化可以作为澳大利亚东南部的骨质生态系统变化的指标。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2021年第9期|143.1-143.13|共13页
  • 作者

    Quiring Katrin; Carroll G.; Champion C.; Heymann E. W.; Harcourt R.;

  • 作者单位

    Georg August Univ Dept Sociobiol Anthropol Gottingen Germany|Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW 2109 Australia|Leibniz Inst Primatenforsch Deutsch Primatenzentrum Verhaltensokol & Soziobiol Gottingen Germany;

    Univ Washington Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci Seattle WA 98195 USA|Environm Def Fund Seattle WA USA;

    NSW Dept Primary Ind Fisheries Res Coffs Harbour NSW Australia|Southern Cross Univ Natl Marine Sci Ctr Coffs Harbour NSW Australia;

    Georg August Univ Dept Sociobiol Anthropol Gottingen Germany|Leibniz Inst Primatenforsch Deutsch Primatenzentrum Verhaltensokol & Soziobiol Gottingen Germany;

    Macquarie Univ Dept Biol Sci Sydney NSW 2109 Australia;

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