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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Resilience of the endangered sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus to foraging disturbance in the Gulf of Mexico, USA: a bioenergetic approach
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Resilience of the endangered sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus to foraging disturbance in the Gulf of Mexico, USA: a bioenergetic approach

机译：濒临灭绝的抹香鲸Physeter macrocephalus对美国墨西哥湾觅食干扰的复原力：一种生物能方法

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摘要

The endangered sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus spends the majority of its time foraging, relying upon echolocation to locate and consume several 100 kg of prey per day. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, sperm whales are exposed to a variety of anthropogenic stressors, including ship strikes, fisheries interactions, habitat loss and degradation due to oil and gas development, and chemical and noise pollution. In particular, they are exposed to high levels of anthropogenic noises related to geological and geophysical surveys for hydrocarbon deposits. The sounds produced by these surveys could reduce sensory volume, increase search effort required to locate resources, and interfere with auditory signal processing critical to foraging success. We developed a stochastic life-stage structured bioenergetic model to evaluate the consequences of reduced foraging efficiency on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein reserves in the blubber, muscle, and viscera. The model indicates that individual resilience to foraging disruptions is primarily a function of size (i.e. reserve capacity) and daily energetic demands. Mothers are the most vulnerable life stage due to the high energy demands associated with pregnancy and lactation. Continuous disruption has a greater impact than intermittent disruption; even minor foraging disruptions may lead to terminal starvation if the whales have no opportunity to replenish reduced reserves. Infrequent, minor disruptions in foraging are unlikely to be fatal, but may result in reduced body reserves that may be associated with reduced reproductive success. Our model provides a bioenergetic framework for evaluating the level, frequency, and consequences of foraging disruptions associated with anthropogenic stressors.
机译：濒临灭绝的抹香鲸Physeter macrocephalus大部分时间都在觅食，依靠回声定位来定位并每天消耗数百公斤的猎物。在墨西哥湾北部，抹香鲸受到各种人为压力，包括船舶罢工，渔业相互作用，由于油气开发造成的栖息地丧失和退化以及化学和噪声污染。特别是，它们暴露于与烃类沉积物的地质和地球物理勘测有关的高水平人为噪声。这些调查产生的声音可能会降低感官音量，增加查找资源所需的搜索工作量，并干扰对于觅食成功至关重要的听觉信号处理。我们开发了一个随机的生命阶段结构化生物能源模型，以评估降低觅食效率对润滑脂，肌肉和内脏中碳水化合物，脂质和蛋白质储备的影响。该模型表明，个体抵抗觅食干扰的能力主要是大小（即储备能力）和日常精力需求的函数。由于怀孕和哺乳带来的高能量需求，母亲是最脆弱的生命阶段。持续破坏比间歇破坏具有更大的影响；如果鲸鱼没有机会补充减少的储备，即使是很小的觅食中断也可能导致绝食。偶尔发生的轻微觅食中断不太可能致命，但可能导致机体储备减少，这可能与生殖成功率下降有关。我们的模型提供了一个生物能框架，用于评估与人为应激源相关的觅食破坏的水平，频率和后果。

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  • 来源
    《Marine ecology progress series》 |2018年第23期|241-261|共21页
  • 作者

    Farmer Nicholas A.; Noren Dawn P.; Fougeres Erin M.; Machernis Abigail; Baker Kyle;

  • 作者单位

    Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA;

    Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Washington, DC 98112 USA;

    Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA;

    JPS Inc, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA;

    Bur Ocean Energy Managements Off, Renewable Energy Programs, Mail Stop VAM OREP,45600 Woodland Rd, Sterling, VA 20166 USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Conservation; Disturbance; Foraging ecology; Risk assessment; Odontocete;

    机译：保护;干扰;觅食生态;风险评估;齿齿科;

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