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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Asymmetric interference competition between herbivorous gastropods, introduced Littorina littorea and indigenous L. obtusata
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Asymmetric interference competition between herbivorous gastropods, introduced Littorina littorea and indigenous L. obtusata

机译：食草腹足纲动物，引入的立陶宛小提琴虫和本土的L. obtusata之间的不对称干扰竞争

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摘要

Competitive interactions may affect distribution and abundance of mobile organisms, such as the intertidal herbivorous gastropods Littorina littorea and L. obtusata, in areas of resource overlap. We examined intra- and interspecific competition between US New England populations by measuring effects of snail density and food availability on growth rates and abundances. We investigated mechanisms of interference, including resistance (phlorotannin) induction of fucoid algae, and impacts of snail presence, waterborne cues, and mucus on herbivory. L. obtusata density increased significantly within fucoid canopies following repeated (every 12 h for 3 d) removal of L. littorea at both study sites. In the laboratory, L. obtusata growth rate was lower in the presence of L. littorea, but not in the presence of conspecifics. In contrast, L. littorea abundances were not strongly affected by its congener, and growth rates were similar under varying L. obtusata densities and food supply. Instead, L. littorea demonstrated intraspecific effects under limited food and higher snail densities. While herbivory by L. littorea was not diminished on Fucus vesiculosus grazed by L. obtusata, fronds of F. vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum grazed by L. littorea were less palatable to L. obtusata, indicative of asymmetric competition. Reduced herbivory by L. obtusata in the presence of L. littorea or its waterborne cues indicate that these forms of interference negatively influence L. obtusata. Coexistence of these species may be due to re new ability of resources and the ability to change location, allowing the competitively inferior L. obtusata to maintain modest abundances within perennial fucoid canopies.
机译：在资源重叠的地区，竞争性相互作用可能会影响潮间带草食性腹足纲小鸟Littorina littorea和L. obtusata等流动生物的分布和丰度。我们通过测量蜗牛密度和食物供应量对生长速率和丰度的影响，研究了美国新英格兰种群之间的种内和种间竞争。我们调查了干扰机制，包括对岩藻糖藻的抗性（phlorotannin）诱导作用，以及蜗牛的存在，水生线索和粘液对草食动物的影响。在两个研究地点重复（每隔12小时3天）去除岩藻乳杆菌后，岩藻冠层内的钝角乳杆菌密度显着增加。在实验室中，在有L. littorea的情况下，obtusata的生长速率较低，但在同种型的情况下则没有。相比之下，littorea的丰度不受其同源物的强烈影响，在不同的Obtusata密度和食物供应下，增长率相似。相反，在有限的食物和较高的蜗牛密度下，L。littorea表现出种内作用。虽然在由扁豆L.tustus放牧的水榕属植物上，不减少由L. littorea产生的草食性，但由L. littorea放牧的F. vesiculosus和结节叶Ascophyllum nodosum的叶状体对L. obtusata的口感较差，表明竞争不对称。枯草芽孢杆菌或其水生线索存在下，百草枯草对草食性的降低表明这些干扰形式对百草枯草有负面影响。这些物种的共存可能归因于资源的新能力和改变位置的能力，从而使竞争劣等的L. obtusata能够在多年生岩藻土冠层内保持适度的丰度。

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