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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Desperate planktotrophs: decreased settlement selectivity with age in competent eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica larvae
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Desperate planktotrophs: decreased settlement selectivity with age in competent eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica larvae

机译：绝望的浮生生物：随着年龄的增长，东部牡蛎Crassostrea virginica幼虫的沉降选择性降低

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For larvae of benthic marine invertebrate species, settlement from planktonic to benthic life is a critical transition. The 'desperate larva' concept describes the tendency of larvae to accept suboptimal settlement habitats as they age. We quantified swimming behavior in planktotrophic larvae of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, to determine whether settlement behaviors such as swimming downward and remaining on the bottom increased with age, and whether these ontogenetic changes were more apparent in larvae exposed to suboptimal conditions than to preferred conditions (settlement cue absent or present, respectively). In 2 experiments, the proportion of competent larvae remaining near the bottom of experimental flasks (indicating settlement) increased with larval age, but only in larvae that were not exposed to the settlement cue. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that larvae encountering suboptimal habitat become 'desperate' (i.e. more likely to settle) as they age. Exploratory behaviors, such as upward swimming, meandering, or helices, were expected to decrease with age, especially in the absence of the settlement cue, but this pattern was detected in only 1 of the 5 swimming metrics tested (helices in downward swimming larvae). Surprisingly, pre-competent larvae exhibited settlement behavior when exposed to the cue, raising the question of whether a response at this stage would have positive or negative consequences. Acceptance of suboptimal settlement habitats by aging larvae may increase the resilience of a species by allowing populations to persist in variable environmental conditions.
机译：对于底栖海洋无脊椎动物物种的幼体，从浮游生物到底栖生物的沉降是一个关键的过渡。 “绝望的幼虫”概念描述了随着年龄的增长，幼虫接受次优栖息地的趋势。我们量化了东部牡蛎Crassostrea virginica浮游性幼虫的游泳行为，以确定沉降行为（例如向下游泳和留在底部的游动行为）是否随着年龄的增长而增加，以及这些个体发育的变化在暴露于次优条件下的幼虫是否比首选条件下更明显。 （分别缺少或存在结算提示）。在2个实验中，保留在实验烧瓶底部附近的有能力的幼虫比例（表明沉降）随幼虫年龄的增加而增加，但仅在未暴露于沉降线索的幼虫中增加。该结果与这样的假设相符：随着年龄的增长，遇到次优栖息地的幼虫变得“绝望”（即更可能定居）。探索性行为（例如向上游泳，蜿蜒或螺旋）预计会随着年龄的增长而减少，尤其是在没有定居线索的情况下，但这种模式仅在所测试的5种游泳指标（向下游泳的幼体中的螺旋）中被检测到。 。出乎意料的是，具有胜任力的幼虫在受到提示时会表现出沉降行为，这引发了一个问题，即在这一阶段做出反应会产生正面还是负面的后果。通过使种群在不断变化的环境条件下生存，幼虫对次优栖息地的接受可能会增加物种的适应力。

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