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Non-equilibrium processes structuring benthic bacterial communities following deposit feeding by a sea cucumber

机译：海参沉积物喂养后的底栖细菌群落的非平衡过程

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Non-equilibrium models of community structure focus on the role of disturbance, recovery, and succession. We examined the disturbance effect of Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) deposit feeding on the physical habitat and benthic bacterial communities. Physical sediment characteristics were compared between ingesta and egesta, and bacterial community structure was compared among ingesta, egesta, fore-, mid-, and hind-gut samples using epifluorescence microscopy and DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA. When compared with ambient sediments, fresh egesta were significantly higher in organic content and algal pigments, suggesting that these animals fed selectively. In contrast, total and metabolically active bacterial densities were significantly reduced by 33 and 60 %, respectively, as sediment passed through the gut, producing disturbance patches of reduced abundance. We also compared different modes of bacterial recovery by experimentally isolating egesta from underlying sediment or overlying waters. Numerical recovery occurred between 1 and 6 h, depending on which mode of recovery (migration, recruitment, or regrowth) was precluded. In contrast to previous studies performed in inter-tidal settings, all forms of recolonization were significant, in the following order of importance: migration = recruitment > regrowth. Species richness did not change significantly through time under any recolonization regime nor was species turnover evident; thus, bacterial communities in this subtidal habitat appear to be founder-controlled. Yet the mode of recovery did influence community structure, as reflected by a significant treatment effect. The pool of potential recruits can be restricted by the mode of recolonization; thus, patchiness in community structure and high species diversity can result even in a competitive lottery situation.
机译：社区结构的非平衡模型侧重于干扰，恢复和继承的作用。我们研究了饲喂Isostichopus badionotus（Selenka，1867）沉积物对物理栖息地和底栖细菌群落的干扰作用。使用表观荧光显微镜和16S rDNA的DGGE分析，比较摄取物和egesta之间的物理沉积物特征，并比较摄取物，egesta，前肠，中肠和后肠样品中的细菌群落结构。与周围的沉积物相比，新鲜的egesta的有机物含量和藻类色素含量明显更高，表明这些动物有选择地进食。相反，随着沉积物穿过肠道，总细菌活性和代谢活性细菌密度分别显着降低了33％和60％，从而产生了丰度降低的干扰斑块。我们还通过实验从下层沉积物或上层水中分离出egesta，从而比较了不同的细菌回收模式。根据排除的恢复方式（迁移，募集或再生），在1至6小时之间发生了数值恢复。与以前在潮间环境中进行的研究相比，所有形式的重新定殖都是重要的，其重要性顺序如下：迁移=募集>再生。在任何重新殖民化制度下，物种丰富度都不会随时间显着变化，也没有明显的物种更新；因此，该潮下栖息地中的细菌群落似乎受到创始人的控制。然而，恢复模式的确影响了社区结构，如治疗效果显着。潜在的新兵库可能受到重新殖民化模式的限制；因此，即使在竞争性彩票的情况下，社区结构的零散和物种的高度多样性也可能导致这种情况。

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