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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Variation in the structure of subtidal landscapes in the NW Mediterranean Sea
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Variation in the structure of subtidal landscapes in the NW Mediterranean Sea

机译：地中海西北部潮下带景观结构的变化

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Compounded effects of climate change and local human activities are threatening marine biodiversity worldwide. At a regional scale (10s to 100s km), comparisons among areas characterized by the prevalence of different human activities provide an insight into the effects of anthropogenic disturbances at multiple levels of ecological organization (i.e. from landscapes to assemblages). At the landscape scale (1000s m), we hypothesized that patchiness in habitat distribution and proportion of degraded assemblages would increase with increasing levels of disturbance, as a result of the decline of habitat-forming species. In addition, we hypothesized that prevailing human influences would affect the structure and variability of rocky benthic assemblages at smaller spatial scales (10s cm to 10s m). An extensive survey encompassing areas subjected to different human influences (i.e. from urbanized to protected areas) was carried out along the coasts of Tuscany (NW Mediterranean Sea). Seagrass beds and macroalgal canopy stands were the dominant habitats in relatively pristine areas, while macroalgal turfs and dead rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica were the most extended habitats in urbanized areas. In general, habitat fragmentation did not vary among areas subjected to different human influences. At a smaller scale (10s cm to 10s m), urbanization favored dominance by opportunistic species and promoted bio tic homogenization. Our study shows that regional variations in the composition of landscapes and assemblages can be predicted on the basis of prevailing human activities. Our results also suggest that variations in landscape composition could be an effective descriptor of the effects of multiple human stressors in marine environments.
机译：气候变化和当地人类活动的复合影响正威胁着全球海洋生物多样性。在区域规模（10s至100s km）内，以人类活动普遍存在为特征的区域之间的比较提供了对人为干扰在生态组织的多个层面（即从景观到集合）的影响的洞察力。在景观规模（1000s m），我们假设栖息地形成物种的减少会导致干扰程度的增加，栖息地分布的斑块和退化组合的比例也会增加。此外，我们假设人类的主要影响会在较小的空间尺度（10s cm至10s m）下影响岩石底栖组合的结构和变异性。沿着托斯卡纳（地中海西北部）沿海地区进行了广泛的调查，涵盖了受到不同人类影响的地区（即从城市化地区到保护区）。在相对原始的地区，海草床和大型藻类林分架是主要的栖息地，而波西多尼亚大洋洲的大型藻类草皮和死根茎则是城市化地区最广泛的栖息地。通常，在受到不同人类影响的地区之间，生境破碎化并没有不同。在较小的规模（10s cm至10s m）下，城市化有利于机会主义物种的统治，并促进了生物技术均质化。我们的研究表明，可以根据人类活动的普遍程度来预测景观和组合的区域差异。我们的结果还表明，景观组成的变化可能是多种人类压力源在海洋环境中影响的有效描述。

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