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Effects of a newly invasive parasite on the burrowing mud shrimp, a widespread ecosystem engineer

机译：新入侵的寄生虫对挖泥虾的影响

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The burrowing mud shrimp Upogebia pugettensis is an important ecosystem engineer in Pacific bays and estuaries from Alaska to Baja California. Recently, mud shrimp populations throughout this range have declined precipitously. This decline has followed invasion by a bopyrid isopod, Orthione griffenis, which parasitizes and removes hemolymph from the shrimp's gill chambers. However, a causal link between this invasive parasite and the decline of its host has yet to be demonstrated. I used observed allometric relationships between the parasite and its host, spatial patterns of parasite prevalence across host demographics, and simulation modeling to explore potential mechanisms leading to this causal link. Results here, considered with other work, suggest that this parasite may hamper host reproduction by increasing metabolic demands. First, shrimp are more likely to become infected with increasing exposure to parasite-laden water, which varies both with the proportion of time that tides cover individual shrimp burrows and with each shrimp's size-specific pumping rate of water through its burrow. Second, parasites impose a metabolic burden on their host that is proportional to parasite size, which itself increases with time since infection. Third, increasing metabolic costs in turn reduce reproductive capacity, potentially through feminization of male hosts. Fourth, increased metabolic costs of infection are most detrimental when feeding time is limited, which occurs in higher intertidal areas. These conclusions should be taken as testable hypotheses that, if examined, will elucidate this host-parasite interaction and clarify if this new invasive parasite is capable of reducing and eliminating this important ecosystem engineer.
机译：穴居泥虾Upogebia pugettensis是从阿拉斯加到下加利福尼亚州的太平洋海湾和河口的重要生态系统工程师。最近，整个范围内的泥虾种群急剧下降。下降之后，是一种梭形异足类兽脚，Orthione griffenis入侵，该寄生虫寄生并去除了虾hemo腔内的血淋巴。然而，这种侵入性寄生虫与其宿主下降之间的因果关系尚未得到证实。我使用观察到的寄生虫及其宿主之间的异构关系，宿主人群中寄生虫流行的空间格局以及模拟模型来探索导致这种因果关系的潜在机制。与其他工作一起考虑的结果表明，这种寄生虫可能会通过增加代谢需求而阻碍宿主繁殖。首先，虾更容易受到寄生虫载水的增加感染，这既取决于潮汐覆盖单个虾洞的时间比例，又取决于每种虾通过其洞的特定大小的抽水速率。其次，寄生虫在其宿主上施加的代谢负担与寄生虫大小成正比，寄生虫大小自感染以来随时间而增加。第三，增加的代谢成本反过来可能通过男性宿主女性化而降低生殖能力。第四，在进食时间有限的情况下，增加的感染代谢成本是最有害的，这种情况发生在潮间带较高的地区。这些结论应作为可检验的假设，如果进行了检验，这些假设将阐明宿主与寄生虫之间的相互作用，并阐明这种新的侵入性寄生虫是否能够减少和消除这一重要的生态系统工程师。

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