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首页> 外文期刊>Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review >BIOENGINEERING EFFECTS OF BURROWING THALASSINIDEAN SHRIMPS ON MARINE SOFT-BOTTOM ECOSYSTEMS
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BIOENGINEERING EFFECTS OF BURROWING THALASSINIDEAN SHRIMPS ON MARINE SOFT-BOTTOM ECOSYSTEMS

机译：藻类虾的繁殖对海洋软底生态系统的生物工程作用

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Crustaceans classed as Thalassinidea are shrimp-like marine organisms that burrow predominantly in sediments. They have generated particular interest over the last decade because of their roles as ecosystem engineers that exert major influences over ecosystem processes and community structure. Their sphere of influence is wide as their burrowing activities substantially affect sedimentary and biochemical properties and processes, translating into both positive and negative impacts on co-occurring organisms spanning bacteria, microalgae, meiofauna, macro-fauna and seagrasses, and possibly up the food chain to fish and birds. The specific microclimates they create within their burrows are particularly important for microbes and meiofauna, which in turn play important roles in organic and inorganic nutrient cycling. The physical turnover of sediments from burrows to the sediment surface significantly influences macro-invertebrate community structure, generally by negatively affecting surface fauna or organisms such as filter-feeders and epibenthic grazers that are dependent on the interface of sediment and water for feeding. Their burrowing activities increase sediment penetrability and porosity, which can favour burrowing macrofaunal species. Sediment turnover can also reduce recruitment of macro-invertebrates, either indirectly by diminishing microbial biofilms that act as food, sediment stabilizers and biochemical cues for larval settlers or directly by burying recruits. Thalassinidean bioturbation also influences marine vegetation, in some instances excluding seagrasses; together with the ecosystem services these plants provide for co-occurring species. Thalassinideans also affect commercial aquaculture operations for oysters and penaeid shrimps. Sediment turnover by thalassinideans buries adult and juvenile oysters, and their propensity to increase fluxes of toxic nutrients and sulphides, allied with their high oxygen consumption, reduces yields of cultured shrimps, leading to financial losses. Harvesting of thalassinideans for bait has important consequences for soft-sediment ecosystems as the physical disturbance induced by bait-collectors, associated with the removal of the ecosystem services provided by thalassinideans, leads to changes in oxygenation, sediment granulometry and the structure of invertebrate communities. Lastly, ecosystem engineering by thalassinideans acts as a selective agent leading to the evolution of novel morphology, behaviour and social interactions in co-occurring organisms. Most of the effects of thalassinidean shrimps are manifested via their influence on environmental conditions, including the stability, granulometry, turnover and geo-chemical properties of sediments, all reflecting their powerful ecosystem engineering.
机译：被归类为海藻毒素的甲壳类动物是虾类海洋生物，主要在沉积物中挖洞。在过去的十年中，由于他们作为生态系统工程师的角色而对生态系统过程和社区结构产生重大影响，因此它们引起了特别的兴趣。它们的挖洞活动极大地影响着沉积和生化特性和过程，因此影响范围很广，对包括细菌，微藻类，鱼类，中层动物，大型动物和海草以及可能在食物链上的共生生物既有正面影响，也有负面影响。鱼和鸟。它们在洞穴内产生的特定微气候对微生物和鱼类尤其重要，而微生物和鱼类在有机和无机养分循环中也起着重要作用。从洞穴到沉积物表面的沉积物的物理周转通常通过负面影响依赖于沉积物和水的界面的表层动物或生物，例如滤食动物和表皮放牧者，显着影响大型无脊椎动物群落结构。他们的穴居活动增加了沉积物的渗透性和孔隙度，这可能有利于穴居大型动物种类。沉积物周转还可以通过减少用作食物，沉积物稳定剂和幼虫定居者的生化线索的微生物生物膜来间接或通过掩埋新兵来间接减少大型无脊椎动物的募集。 Thalassinidean生物扰动也会影响海洋植被，在某些情况下不包括海草。这些植物为共同存在的物种提供生态系统服务。毒死ide还影响牡蛎和对虾的商业化养殖。拟南芥的底泥周转掩埋了成年牡蛎和少年牡蛎，它们倾向于增加有毒养分和硫化物的通量，同时消耗大量氧气，降低了养殖虾的产量，导致经济损失。捕捞海藻螨以诱饵对软体沉积物生态系统具有重要影响，因为诱饵采集者引起的物理干扰与海藻螨提供的生态系统服务的取消相关，导致了氧合，沉积物粒度和无脊椎动物群落结构的变化。最后，由拟南芥的生态系统工程学作为选择剂，导致共生生物中新型形态，行为和社会相互作用的发展。 Thalassinidean虾的大多数影响通过对环境条件的影响得以体现，包括稳定性，粒度，周转率和沉积物的地球化学特性，均反映了其强大的生态系统工程学。

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