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Trophic position of Antarctic amphipods—enhanced analysis by a 2-dimensional biomarker assay

机译：南极两栖动物的营养位置—通过二维生物标志物分析增强分析

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The discrepancy between the ecological significance of amphipods in the Antarctic and our poor knowledge of their ecofunctional role calls for a more detailed investigation of their trophic status in this ecosystem. A total of 12 amphipod species from suspension feeder to scavenger have been considered in this study. Our objective was to investigate whether the combination of fatty-acid and stable-isotope signatures into a 2-dimensional trophic biomarker assay would increase accuracy in the identification of Antarctic benthic amphipod trophic position. Amphipod isotopic averages ranged from -29.3 per thousand (δ~(13)C) and 4.1 per thousand (δ~(15)N) for the suspension feeder Ampelisca richardsoni to -21.7 per thousand (δ~(13)C) and 11.9 per thousand (δ~(15)N) for the high predator Iphimediella sp. Cluster analysis of the fatty-acid composition separated the amphipod species into 4 trophic groups: suspension feeders, macro-herbivores, omnivores and scavengers. The suspension feeder was isolated due to an important proportion of 18:4(n-3), a fatty-acid biomarker of phytoplankton. Macro-herbivores were found to rely heavily on macroalgal carbon, containing a high percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)). Scavenger amphipods revealed a unique fatty-acid composition dominated by 1 single fatty acid, 18:1(n-9), probably the result of a very intensive de novo biosynthesis to cope with starvation periods. Our data emphasise the need to combine different types of information to be able to draw the right conclusions regarding trophic ecology. Indeed, in some cases, the exclusive use of 1 type of tracing method, fatty acids or stable isotopes, would have resulted in misleading/false conclusions in the trophic classification of amphipods. Therefore, a 2-dimensional biomarker assay is a useful tool to elucidate the trophic positions of benthic amphipods.
机译：两栖动物在南极洲的生态意义与我们对它们的生态功能作用的了解不足之间的差异，要求对它们在该生态系统中的营养状况进行更详细的研究。这项研究考虑了从悬浮喂食器到清除剂的总共12种两栖类物种。我们的目的是研究将脂肪酸和稳定同位素特征组合到二维营养生物标志物测定中，是否会提高南极底栖两栖动物营养位置的鉴定准确性。悬浮给料器Ampelisca richardsoni的两栖动物同位素平均浓度范围为-29.3 /千（δ〜（13）C）和4.1 /千（δ〜（15）N）到-21.7 /千（δ〜（13）C）和11.9捕食者Iphimediella sp。的千分之几（δ〜（15）N）。脂肪酸组成的聚类分析将两栖类物种分为四个营养族：悬浮饲料，大型食草动物，杂食动物和清除剂。由于浮游植物的脂肪酸生物标志物18：4（n-3）的重要比例，悬浮饲料被分离出来。发现大型草食动物严重依赖大型藻类碳，其中含有高百分比的花生四烯酸（20：4（n-6））。清道夫两栖动物揭示了一种独特的脂肪酸组成，该脂肪酸组成由1种单一脂肪酸18：1（n-9）主导，这可能是非常密集的从头生物合成以应对饥饿期的结果。我们的数据强调需要结合不同类型的信息，以便能够得出有关营养生态学的正确结论。实际上，在某些情况下，仅使用一种类型的示踪方法（脂肪酸或稳定同位素）会在两栖动物的营养分类中导致误导/错误的结论。因此，二维生物标志物测定是阐明底栖两栖动物的营养位置的有用工具。

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