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Nitrogen budget of the northwestern Black Sea shelf inferred from modeling studies and in situ benthic measurements

机译：根据建模研究和原位底栖测量推断出西北黑海陆架的氮预算

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A 3D eddy-resolving coupled biogeochemical-hydrodynamical model and in situ observations are used to investigate benthic processes on the Black Sea's NW shelf. Measurements of benthic fluxes (oxygen, nutrients, redox compounds) with in situ flux chambers are analyzed in regard to sediment dynamics on the shelf. The seasonal/interannual and spatial variability of benthic processes is explained in terms of 3D ecohydrodynamics. The space/time distribution of benthic fluxes depended on the position of the river plume and the associated primary production, intensity of vertical mixing and water depth. Model results and in situ observations reveal the presence of a region of intense benthic recycling and high benthic nutrient fluxes nearshore and in the northern part of the shelf. The model estimates that this region covers about 15 % of the shelf area and is connected to the high productivity and high sedimentation caused by river input of organic matter. On the offshore shelf, covering about 85 % of the shelf area, benthic nutrient regeneration is low due to low productivity. Benthic mineralization pathways (aerobic respiration, denitrification, sulfate reduction, methanogenesis) are quantified. In the high flux region, more' than 55 % and in the offshore low flux region more than 80 % of the organic matter is decomposed by aerobic respiration. In the high flux region, sulfate reduction is the main anaerobic pathway, whereas denitrification is more important on the low flux offshore shelf. At the shelf edge, under the influence of anoxic waters, more than 60 % of organic matter is remineralized by sulfate reduction. Little organic matter is decomposed by methanogenesis. A mass balance of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), integrated over the whole shelf and year, shows that 3.7 to 4.2 x 10~6 t of POC reach the sediments, while model results give a value of 1.4 x 10~6 t C. The annual ammonium benthic outflux is estimated at 85 x 10~3 and 174 x 10~3 t N by in situ data and the model, respectively. The amount of nitrogen lost by burial and denitrification estimated from in situ observations is 57 x 10~3 and 324 x 10~3 t N, respectively. Therefore, NW shelf Black Sea sediments are an efficient sink for riverine nitrogen, trapping about 50 % of the annual river discharge in total inorganic N.
机译：一个3D涡旋解析的生物地球化学-水动力模型和原位观测被用来研究黑海西北海架的底栖过程。利用原位通量室对底流通量（氧气，养分，氧化还原化合物）进行测量，以分析架子上的沉积物动力学。底栖过程的季节/年际和空间变化是根据3D生态流体力学来解释的。底栖通量的时空分布取决于河羽的位置和相关的初级生产，垂直混合强度和水深。模型结果和原位观测结果表明，在陆架的近岸和北部存在强烈的底栖生物再循环和底栖营养素通量较高的区域。该模型估计该区域覆盖了大约15％的架子面积，并与河流输入的有机物引起的高生产率和高沉积有关。在海洋陆架上，大约占陆架面积的85％，由于生产力低下，底栖营养物的再生很低。底栖矿化途径（有氧呼吸，反硝化，硫酸盐还原，甲烷生成）被量化。在高通量区域中，超过55％的有机物质在离岸低通量区域中，超过80％的有机物被有氧呼吸分解。在高通量区域，硫酸盐还原是主要的厌氧途径，而在低通量海上支架上，反硝化作用更为重要。在架子边缘，在缺氧水的影响下，硫酸盐还原可将60％以上的有机物重新矿化。甲烷生成几乎不会分解有机物。在整个货架和全年中，颗粒有机碳（POC）和颗粒有机氮（PON）的质量平衡表明，沉积物达到了3.7至4.2 x 10〜6 t POC，而模型结果的值为1.4 x 10〜6 tC。根据原位数据和模型，估计每年底栖铵盐的涌出量分别为85 x 10〜3和174 x 10〜3 tN。根据现场观察估计，由于埋藏和反硝化而损失的氮量分别为57 x 10〜3和324 x 10〜3 tN。因此，西北大陆架黑海沉积物是河流氮的有效汇聚地，每年约占总氮中氮排放量的50％。

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