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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Grazing halos on coral reefs: predation risk, herbivore density, and habitat size influence grazing patterns that are visible from space
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Grazing halos on coral reefs: predation risk, herbivore density, and habitat size influence grazing patterns that are visible from space

机译：在珊瑚礁上放牧光环：捕食的风险，草食动物的密度和栖息地的大小会影响从空间可见的放牧模式

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The behavior of organisms at local scales can have dramatic effects on the distribution of habitat and ecosystem processes at large spatial scales. Grazing halos-barren areas of sand surrounding coral reefs-are readily visible in remotely sensed imagery, and are formed by herbivores preferentially grazing close to the safety of the reef. Grazing halo size can vary by more than an order of magnitude, yet we lack an understanding of what underlies this variation. Changes in grazing intensity and the distance herbivores travel may be influenced by predation risk, resource availability, and structural attributes of the reef. Here, we tested how predator density, herbivore density, and patch reef area are correlated with halo size and grazing patterns by linking satellite imagery with mensurative experiments on patch reefs in the Caribbean. Chronic predation risk suppressed the overall foraging intensity of herbivorous fishes; a doubling in predator density led to a 29% decrease in grazing. Variation in herbivore density, which was tightly correlated with patch reef area, was linked to the distance herbivores foraged from the reef. Furthermore, herbivore density and/or reef area was the best predictor of halo width at field sites, and reef area explained a significant proportion of the variation in halo size across the landscape. Our results contribute to a growing body of research suggesting that halos may function as footprints of ecological processes, such as herbivory, that can be quantified using remote sensing, and offer a potential avenue to improve monitoring of coral reef management.
机译：地方尺度上的生物行为可能对大空间尺度上的栖息地分布和生态系统过程产生巨大影响。可以在遥感图像中轻松看到在珊瑚礁周围放牧的光晕荒芜的沙子区域，这些区域是由草食动物优先放牧而形成的，靠近珊瑚礁的安全区域。放牧的光环大小可能相差一个数量级以上，但是我们对这种变化的根源缺乏了解。食肉动物的掠食风险，资源可利用性和礁石的结构属性可能会影响放牧强度和草食动物的行进距离的变化。在这里，我们通过将卫星图像与加勒比地区斑块礁的确定性实验联系起来，测试了捕食者密度，草食动物密度和斑块礁面积与光环大小和放牧模式之间的关系。慢性捕食风险抑制了草食鱼的总体觅食强度；捕食者密度增加一倍导致放牧减少29％。草食动物密度的变化与斑块礁的面积紧密相关，与草食动物从礁石觅食的距离有关。此外，草食动物密度和/或礁石面积是野外场所晕圈宽度的最佳预测指标，而礁石面积解释了整个景观中晕圈大小变化的很大比例。我们的研究结果促进了越来越多的研究，表明光环可能充当生态过程的足迹，例如草食动物，可以使用遥感对其进行量化，并为改善对珊瑚礁管理的监测提供了潜在途径。

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