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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology progress series >Environmental drivers of beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas habitat use in the Mackenzie Estuary, Northwest Territories, Canada
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Environmental drivers of beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas habitat use in the Mackenzie Estuary, Northwest Territories, Canada

机译：加拿大西北地区麦肯齐河口的白鲸Delphinapterus leucas栖息地使用的环境驱动因素

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摘要

Understanding drivers of habitat use and selection of mobile species is critical for understanding the impacts of climate change and formulating management plans. Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas form large summering aggregations in the warm, fresh waters of the Mackenzie Estuary, Northwest Territories, Canada; however, the environmental factors driving spatial and temporal patterns of habitat use within the estuary are not fully understood. We used passive acoustic monitoring to record beluga presence during their summer aggregation (June-August) at known congregation areas and locations with unique oceanographic features in Kugmallit Bay in the Mackenzie River Estuary, while simultaneously recording environmental and oceanographic data. The effectiveness of hydrophones at determining beluga presence/absence was validated using shore-based observations. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the influence of environmental conditions on presence/absence of belugas. Results indicate that temporal patterns of habitat use varied by location, and were influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, and wind speed. Belugas did not frequent commonly used locations during periods with high-speed winds and moved farther into the estuary during periods of cold oceanic influxes. This study provides support for hypotheses that belugas use the location for moulting or to provide a thermal advantage for young belugas. This information can be used to inform decisions by northern communities and policy makers, thus aiding in management of the Beaufort Sea beluga population.
机译：了解生境使用的驱动因素和流动物种的选择对于了解气候变化的影响和制定管理计划至关重要。博福特东海白鲸Delphinapterus leucas在加拿大西北地区麦肯齐河口温暖，新鲜的水域中形成大型的夏季聚集；然而，驱动河口内栖息地使用的时空格局的环境因素尚不完全清楚。我们使用无源声波监测来记录夏季聚集期间（6月至8月）白鲸在已知聚集区和Mackenzie河口库格马利特湾具有独特海洋学特征的位置，同时记录环境和海洋学数据。使用基于岸的观测结果验证了水听器在确定白鲸存在与否方面的有效性。多元logistic回归用于评估环境条件对白鲸存在/不存在的影响。结果表明，栖息地使用的时间模式因位置而异，并受温度，盐度和风速等环境条件的影响。白鲸在高风时期并不经常使用，而在冷海潮时期则移至河口。这项研究为以下假设提供了支持：白鹭利用该位置进行换羽或为年轻的白鹭提供热优势。该信息可用于为北部社区和决策者的决策提供依据，从而有助于管理Beaufort Sea beluga种群。

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