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Stable isotope analyses reveal seasonal and inter-individual variation in the foraging ecology of sperm whales

机译：稳定的同位素分析显示精子鲸鱼的觅食生态学的季节性和间间变异

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摘要

Studying inter-individual variation in foraging by top predators is key for understanding the ecology of their populations, while knowledge of seasonal variability in foraging helps explain temporal changes in habitat use and ecological role. We investigated the inter-individual and seasonal differences in stable isotope ratios of sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus in the temperate foraging ground of the Kaikoura Canyon, New Zealand. Isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were measured in 107 samples of sloughed skin from 37 individual males with a wide range of residency patterns and body lengths, sampled over 4 summers and 3 winters. Variability in individual isotope ratios was analysed with generalised additive mixed models. The whales' residency patterns, but not body size, accounted for most heterogeneity of delta C-13 and delta N-15. Specifically, whales that visited Kaikoura occasionally had more diverse and lower isotope ratios than more frequent visitors (by ca. -1% delta C-13 and -2% delta N-15), likely reflecting a range of foraging habitats further offshore and/or south of Kaikoura Canyon. We suggest that these patterns reflect differences in large-scale foraging patterns within the population. In addition, whales sampled in winter had significantly lower values of delta C-13 than whales sampled in summer (by ca. -0.5%), indicating seasonal differences in the use of food resources. Our results provide new insights into foraging patterns of sperm whales, and highlight the value of accounting for individual differences in the ecology of top predators.
机译：研究顶级捕食者觅食的个人各种变化是了解其群体生态的关键，而觅食的季节变异性有助于解释栖息地使用和生态作用的时间变化。我们研究了新西兰Kaikoura Canyon的温带地面稳定同位素比例的稳定同位素比例的稳定同位素差异。在来自37个单独的雄性的脱埋皮肤样品中测量碳和氮的同位素比例，其中包含广泛的居住图案和体长，在4颗夏季和3个冬天中取样。用广义添加剂混合模型分析单位同位素比的变异性。鲸鱼的居住模式，但不是体尺寸，占Delta C-13和Delta N-15的大多数异质性。具体而言，访问Kaikoura的鲸鱼偶尔也比更频繁的游客更多样化，并且通过频繁的游客（通过约会-1％ΔC-13和-2％delta n-15），可能反映了一系列觅食栖息地和/或者在Kaikoura峡谷以南。我们建议这些模式反映了人口中大规模觅食模式的差异。此外，在冬季采样的鲸鱼在夏季（CA. -0.5％）中采样的鲸鱼比鲸鱼的鲸鲸值显着降低，表明使用食物资源的季节性差异。我们的结果提供了新的洞察精子鲸鱼的模式，并突出了顶级捕食者生态学中的个体差异的核算价值。

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