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首页> 外文期刊>Marine ecology >Hawaiian hotspots: enhanced megafaunal abundance and diversity in submarine canyons on the oceanic islands of Hawaii
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Hawaiian hotspots: enhanced megafaunal abundance and diversity in submarine canyons on the oceanic islands of Hawaii

机译：夏威夷热点：夏威夷海洋岛屿上海底峡谷中大型动物的丰度和多样性增强

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Submarine canyons are important sources of habitat heterogeneity on the slopes of continents and islands, but the study of canyon ecology has been largely restricted to continental margins. Here we use visual and video surveys from 36 submersible dives to evaluate the role of canyons as abundance and diversity hotspots for megafauna in the Hawaiian Archipelago, an island chain embedded in an oligotrophic ocean. We surveyed megafauna in canyon and slope settings at depths of 350-1500 m along the margins of four islands: the low 'islands' of Nihoa and Maro Reef, and the high islands of Oahu and Moloka'i. Megafaunal communities in canyons differed significantly from those in nearby slope habitats at all depths. Highly mobile fishes and invertebrates were consistently more abundant in canyons than on nearby slopes at the same depth off all islands, suggesting that canyons may be important sources of larvae for surrounding habitats. In the few cases where megafaunal abundances were similar or higher on the slope, the differences were typically driven by higher slope abundance of sessile suspension feeders or animals with limited mobility, i.e. by organisms which are likely to have difficulty with high currents and sediment transport in canyons. Megafaunal species richness and diversity generally trended higher within canyons, especially for the highly mobile taxa. Canyons contained 41 megafaunal species never observed on the slope, and increased estimated regional species richness by 25-30 species, indicating that canyons enhanced beta and gamma (regional) biodiversity. An expected trend of greater enhancement of diversity and abundance in canyons on the margins of high versus low oceanic islands was not observed, although megafauna were generally more abundant in both canyon and slope habitats on the high islands (Oahu and Moloka'i). We conclude that submarine canyons on both low and high islands in the Hawaiian Archipelago may provide keystone structures, enhancing megafaunal abundance, providing source populations for the open slope, and enhancing local and regional species diversity.
机译：海底峡谷是大陆和岛屿斜坡上栖息地异质性的重要来源，但是对峡谷生态学的研究在很大程度上局限于大陆边缘。在这里，我们使用来自36个潜水式潜水的视觉和视频调查来评估峡谷作为夏威夷群岛（嵌在贫营养海洋中的一个岛链）上大型动物群的丰度和多样性热点的作用。我们调查了沿四个岛屿的边缘在350-1500 m深度处的峡谷和斜坡环境中的大型动物，这四个岛屿分别是Nihoa和Maro Reef的低“岛”以及Oahu和Moloka'i的高岛。峡谷中的大型动物群落与附近所有深度的斜坡生境的群落都存在显着差异。与所有岛屿相同深度的附近斜坡相比，峡谷中高度易流动的鱼类和无脊椎动物始终丰富得多，这表明峡谷可能是周围栖息地幼虫的重要来源。在少数斜坡上大型真菌丰度相似或更高的情况下，差异通常是由无柄悬浮喂食器或行动不便的动物较高的斜坡丰度驱动的，即由可能难以承受大电流和泥沙迁移的生物造成。峡谷。峡谷内大型动植物物种的丰富性和多样性普遍呈上升趋势，尤其是对于高度活动的生物群而言。峡谷包含从未在斜坡上观察到的41种大型动物物种，估计的区域物种丰富度增加了25-30种，这表明峡谷增强了β和γ（区域）生物多样性。尽管在高岛和低陆岛（瓦胡岛和莫洛卡伊岛）的峡谷和斜坡生境中大型动物一般都比较丰富，但并未观察到在高洋岛和低洋岛边缘的峡谷中更大程度提高峡谷多样性和丰富度的预期趋势。我们得出的结论是，夏威夷群岛的低岛和高岛上的海底峡谷都可能提供基石结构，增强大型动物的丰度，为开阔坡地提供源种群，并增强本地和区域物种的多样性。

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