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Force-Displacement Response of Unreinforced Masonry Walls to Seismic Design

机译：无筋砌体墙对地震设计的力位移响应

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摘要

In regions with low to moderate seismicity, unreinforced masonry (URM) is commonly used for the construction of low to mid-rise buildings consequently a large stock of residential buildings contain modern URM walls as structural elements. When these structures are subjected to seismic loading, the stiff URM walls attract a considerable part of the lateral forces and need therefore to be considered in seismic design and assessment. The response of URM walls subjected to lateral in-plane loading, however, is not yet fully understood and estimates for some of the crucial design and assessment parameters are unsatisfactory for example displacement capacity and the effective stiffness. The work presented herein will contribute to improving the design and assessment methods for URM wall structures built with modern hollow core clay bricks when subject to lateral in-plane loads. First an experimental programme which examines the lateral non-linear in-plane response of URM walls is introduced. Second, a new mechanical model is developed which describes the full force-displacement response of URM walls as they show significant flexural behavior when approaching collapse. Six URM wall tests are presented. The walls were built at full-scale using a typical modern Swiss hollow clay brick and a commercially available standard cement-based mortar. During the tests, the walls were subjected to quasi-static load cycles with increasing drift demands, while controlling the boundary conditions (axial load and moment restraint at the top of the walls) to simulate the typical loading of a ground floor wall in a URM building. Throughout the quasi-cyclic tests of all URM walls, the deformations of the walls were recorded using a digital photogrammetric measurement system tracking the displacement field of the walls. This measurement was synchronized with the force measurement such that global and local engineering demand parameters of the walls could be linked. This point was crucial for the proposition of a new set of limit states (LSs) that link, local damage states, to characteristic points of the global force-displacement curve of URM walls. A new mechanical model is proposed which describes the nonlinear force-displacement response of flexurally dominated URM walls approaching collapse. The model is developed in two steps. First, an analytical part is derived based on the plane section hypothesis in conjunction with a non-tension material with a linear-elastic constitutive material law in compression. The model assumes that only the compressed part of the wall contributes to the wall resistance and accounts for a softening in stiffness due to the reduction of the effective area. In a second step, new criteria are developed which predict the occurrence of the previous proposed local LSs, which are then incorporated in the analytical model. The new model is validated using test results reported both in this paper and from others' [references]. Good agreement between test results and analytical predictions for the effective stiffness and displacement capacity of in-plane loaded URM walls was achieved.
机译：在地震活动程度较低的地区，低强度砖石（URM）通常用于建造低层至中层的建筑物，因此，大量的住宅建筑包含现代URM墙作为结构元素。当这些结构承受地震荷载时，坚硬的URM壁会吸收相当大的侧向力，因此需要在地震设计和评估中加以考虑。然而，URM墙承受侧向平面内载荷的响应尚未完全理解，对于某些关键设计和评估参数的估算还不能令人满意，例如位移能力和有效刚度。本文介绍的工作将有助于改善承受现代平面空心粘土砖建造的URM墙结构在承受侧向面载荷时的设计和评估方法。首先，介绍了一个实验程序，该程序检查了URM壁的横向非线性面内响应。其次，开发了一种新的力学模型，该模型描述了URM壁在逼近坍塌时会表现出明显的挠曲行为，因此其完全的力-位移响应。提出了六个URM墙面测试。墙体是使用典型的现代瑞士空心粘土砖和可商购的标准水泥基砂浆全面建造的。在测试过程中，墙体承受了不断增加的漂移要求的准静态荷载循环，同时控制了边界条件（墙体顶部的轴向荷载和力矩约束），以模拟URM中地面墙的典型荷载建造。在所有URM墙的准循环测试中，使用数字摄影测量系统跟踪墙的位移场来记录墙的变形。该测量与力测量同步，从而可以链接墙的全局和局部工程需求参数。这一点对于提出一组新的极限状态（LSs）至关重要，这些极限状态将局部损坏状态与URM墙的整体力-位移曲线的特征点联系起来。提出了一种新的力学模型，该模型描述了挠性支配的URM墙逼近坍塌的非线性力-位移响应。该模型分两个步骤开发。首先，基于平面截面假设，结合具有线性弹性本构定律的非受拉材料，得出分析零件。该模型假定仅壁的受压部分会影响壁的阻力，并会由于有效面积的减小而使刚度变软。第二步，开发出新的标准，以预测先前提出的本地LS的发生，然后将其合并到分析模型中。使用本文中以及其他人的参考文献中报告的测试结果验证了新模型。平面加载的URM墙的有效刚度和位移能力在测试结果和分析预测之间达成了良好的一致性。

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  • 来源
    《Masonry international》 |2015年第1期|19-36|共18页
  • 作者

    SARA PETRY; KATRIN BEYER;

  • 作者单位

    Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Laboratory (EESD), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland;

    Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Laboratory (EESD), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Unreinforced masonry; Seismic design; Displacement capacity; Effective stiffness; Quasi-static cyclic testing;

    机译：未加固的砌体;抗震设计;排量有效刚度;准静态循环测试;

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