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The influence of accumulated strain on the temper embrittlement response of a low alloy bolting steel during service

机译：服役过程中累积应变对低合金螺栓钢回火脆化响应的影响

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The present paper describes part of a larger study which investigated the effects of accumulated service strain (ε) on the reverse temper embrittlement (RTE) response of a series of large HP and IP turbine CrMoV steel bolts which had been in service for 122 000 h at elevated temperatures or around 490℃. It is shown that accumulated service strains exert significant effects on toughness losses in the CrMoV bolting steel, especially at low levels of strain, and that such effects can be adequately described by the expressions C_n = 7.6 x 10~(-2)ε~(-0.8) and FATT(K) = 418 - 13.28ε~(-0.8) where C_n is the normalized Charpy energy and FATT is the Charpy fracture appearance transition temperature. It is suggested that the extent of the RTE response in low alloy steels can be separated into a pure RTE component and a strain-induced or synergistic RTE component. Also, from limited Auger electron spectroscopy data it is suggested that the latter may not be the result of strain-induced enhanced grain boundary phosphorus segregation. Finally, when the data are considered in terms of localized accumulated strain at the bolt thread root, it is shown that brittle failure of the bolts is unlikely, even at strain levels of 1.5%, inasmuch as although toughness levels are low, no macrodefects exist since the creep damage is in the form of isolated cavities of around 1 μm in size.
机译：本文描述了一项较大的研究的一部分，该研究调查了使用了122,000 h的一系列大型HP和IP涡轮CrMoV钢螺栓的累积使用应变（ε）对反向回火脆化（RTE）响应的影响。在高温或490℃左右。结果表明，累积的服务应变对CrMoV螺栓钢的韧性损失有显着影响，尤其是在低应变水平下，这种影响可以用表达式C_n = 7.6 x 10〜（-2）ε〜（ -0.8）和FATT（K）= 418-13.28ε〜（-0.8），其中C_n是归一化的夏比能量，而FATT是夏比断裂外观转变温度。建议可以将低合金钢中RTE响应的程度分为纯RTE成分和应变诱导或协同RTE成分。同样，从有限的俄歇电子能谱数据表明，后者可能不是应变诱导的晶界磷偏析的结果。最后，当以螺栓螺纹根部的局部累积应变来考虑数据时，表明即使在1.5％的应变水平下，螺栓的脆性破坏也是不可能的，尽管韧性水平较低，但不存在宏观缺陷。因为蠕变损伤是大小约为1μm的孤立空腔形式。

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