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Influence of nano-inclusions' grain boundaries on crack propagation modes in materials

机译：纳米夹杂物晶界对材料裂纹扩展模式的影响

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摘要

The effect of nano-inclusions on materials' strength and toughness has attracted great interest in recent years. It has been shown that tuning the morphological and microstructural features of materials can tailor their fracture modes. The existence of a characteristic size of inclusions that favours the fracture mode (i.e. transgranular or intergranular) has been experimentally observed but also predicted by a 2D model based on energetic arguments which relates the crack propagation mode to the ratio of the interface area between the crystalline inclusion and the matrix with the area of the crystallite inclusion in a previous work. In the present work, a 3D model is proposed in order to extend the 2D model and take into account the influence of the size of grain boundary zone on the toughening/hardening behavior of the material as it was observed experimentally in the literature. The model relates crack propagation mode to the ratio of the volume of the grain boundary zone between the crystalline inclusion and the matrix with the volume of the nano-inclusion. For a ratio below a critical value, transgranular propagation is favoured while for larger values, intergranular propagation is favoured. We also demonstrate that the extent of the grain boundary region also can significantly affect this critical value. The results of the model are in agreement with the literature experimental observations related to the toughening/hardening behavior as a function of the size of crystalline inclusions as well as the width of the grain boundary regions.
机译：近年来，纳米夹杂物对材料强度和韧性的影响引起了极大的兴趣。已经表明，调节材料的形态和微观结构特征可以调整其断裂模式。通过实验观察到存在有利于断裂模式的夹杂物特征尺寸（即，晶间或晶间），但也基于基于高能论证的二维模型进行了预测，该模型将裂纹扩展模式与晶体之间的界面面积比相关之前的工作中，我们发现了包含有微晶夹杂物的区域和基体。在目前的工作中，提出了一个3D模型，以扩展2D模型，并考虑到晶界区大小对材料的增韧/硬化行为的影响，这在文献中已通过实验观察到。该模型将裂纹扩展模式与结晶夹杂物和基体之间晶界区的体积与纳米夹杂物的体积之比联系起来。对于低于临界值的比率，有利于晶间传播，而对于较大的值，则有利于晶间传播。我们还证明，晶界区域的范围也可以显着影响该临界值。该模型的结果与与增韧行为有关的文献实验观察结果一致，增韧行为取决于晶体夹杂物的大小以及晶界区域的宽度。

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