Paper: A promising material for human-friendly functional wearable electronics

Hao Liu; Huaibin Qing; Zedong Li; Yu Long Han; Min Lin; Hui Yang; Ang Li; Tian Jian Lu; Fei Li; Feng Xu

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Paper: A promising material for human-friendly functional wearable electronics

机译：纸：一种适用于人类的功能性可穿戴电子产品的有前途的材料

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The ever-growing overlap between electronics and wearable technology is driving the demand for utilizing novel materials that are cost-effective, light-weight, eco-friendly, mechanically deformable and can be conformably and comfortably worn on human body as substrate to support the reliable operation of wearable electronic functionalities. Paper materials comprised of bio-origin ingredients (e.g., cellulose and carbon derivatives) have recently attracted remarkably increasing research and commercial interests for prototyping next-generation wearable electronics due to their superiorities including natural abundance, flyweight, mature manufacturing process, specific structural properties, favorable mechanical bendability, biocompatibility and nontoxicity over their counterparts. Feasibility of engaging paper materials has been proved by outstanding performances in body-worn healthcare sensing systems, electro-stimulated artificial muscles, on-site memory storage and wearable power supply on paper substrate. In this review, we present a state-of-the-art introduction of diverse paper substrate options and fabrication techniques employed for realizing paper electronics, and discuss both pros and cons of each manufacturing tactic. Additionally, we summarize developing trends of paper-based electronics in the emerging wearable applications. Based upon these, final conclusions, encountering challenges, accompanied with advancing outlooks are illustrated.

机译：电子产品和可穿戴技术之间不断重叠的趋势推动了人们对使用新颖材料的需求，这些材料具有成本效益，重量轻，生态友好，机械可变形，可以舒适地穿着在人体上作为支撑可靠的材料。可穿戴电子功能的操作。由生物来源的成分（例如纤维素和碳衍生物）组成的纸质材料由于其优越的性能（包括自然丰度，飞粉重量，成熟的制造工艺，特定的结构特性，优于同类产品的良好机械弯曲性，生物相容性和无毒性。纸质材料的可行性已通过在穿戴式医疗保健传感系统，电刺激的人造肌肉，现场记忆存储和纸质基材上的可穿戴电源方面的出色性能证明。在这篇评论中，我们介绍了用于实现纸张电子技术的各种纸质基板选项和制造技术的最新技术介绍，并讨论了每种制造策略的利弊。此外，我们总结了新兴可穿戴应用中纸基电子产品的发展趋势。在此基础上，阐述了最终结论，遇到的挑战以及不断发展的前景。

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来源
《Materials Science & Engineering》 |2017年第2期|1-22|共22页
作者
Hao Liu; Huaibin Qing; Zedong Li; Yu Long Han; Min Lin; Hui Yang; Ang Li; Tian Jian Lu; Fei Li; Feng Xu;
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作者单位

The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China;

Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China;

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正文语种 eng
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关键词
Wearable electronics; Cellulose paper; Graphene paper; Biomedical monitoring; Energy supply;

机译：可穿戴电子产品;纤维素纸;石墨烯纸;生物医学监测;能源供应;

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专利

1. Titanium coated with functionalized carbon nanotubes - A promising novel material for biomedical application as an implantable orthopaedic electronic device [J] . Przekora Agata, Benko Aleksandra, Nocun Marek, Materials science & engineering, C. Materials for Biogical applications . 2014,第Null期

机译：涂有功能化碳纳米管的钛-一种有前途的新型材料，可用于生物医学应用作为可植入的骨科电子设备
2. Digital manufacturing of functional materials for wearable electronics [J] . Lin Jing, Zhu Zhaoran, Cheung Chi Fai, Journal of Materials Chemistry, C. materials for optical and electronic devices . 2020,第31期

机译：可穿戴电子产品功能材料的数字制造
3. Contact and wear of paper-based friction materials for oil-immersed clutches - wear model for composite materials [J] . Yoshitsugu Kimura, Chikashi Otani Tribology International . 2005,第11a12期

机译：油浸式离合器纸基摩擦材料的接触和磨损-复合材料的磨损模型
4. Wear Analysis of Functionally Gradient Composite Materials by FE Modeling of Microhardness Measurements and Wear Tests [C] . David Felhoes, Karoly Varadi, Klaus Friedrich Hungarian Conference on Materials Science, Testing and Informatics; 20051009-11; Balatonfured(HU) . 2007

机译：通过微观硬度测量和磨损测试的有限元建模对功能梯度复合材料进行磨损分析
5. Mechanical, fatigue and wear properties of sintered carbon nanotube-based functionally graded materials [D] . Carvalho, Óscar Samuel Novais de. 2015

机译：碳纳米管烧结功能梯度材料的机械，疲劳和磨损性能
6. Deformable devices with integrated functional nanomaterials for wearable electronics [O] . Jaemin Kim, Jongsu Lee, Donghee Son, 2016

机译：具有可穿戴电子设备集成功能纳米材料的可变形设备
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”
8. Functionalized Polymeric Materials for Electronics and Optics [R] . Sengupta, S., Kumar, J., Jain, A., 1993

机译：用于电子和光学的功能化高分子材料

Paper: A promising material for human-friendly functional wearable electronics

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