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Metabolic features of the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer and the link to the systemic macroenvironment

机译：胃癌肿瘤微环境的代谢特征及其与系统大环境的联系

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The metabolic effects of local tumors on the whole system and the link between the tumor microenvironment and the systemic macroenvironment are poorly known. In this study, we profiled the metabolites in tissues and plasma collected from patients with gastric cancer (GC), postoperative GC patients, and control patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). The tissues and plasma of the GC patients showed distinctly different metabolic phenotypes from those of the CSG controls. Significantly elevated glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and amino acids turnover characterized metabolism of GC tissues; and greater metabolic perturbation were observed in GC tissues than that in GC plasma, both compared with the controls. Remarkably, the levels of the discriminatory metabolites characterizing GC were not positively correlated in tissues and plasmas. For examples, TCA intermediates, lactate, amino acids and free fatty acids were more abundant in the tissues but less concentrated in plasma relative to their CSG controls; while glucose was lower in both the tissues and plasma of GC patients than the controls. For the first time we showed a balance profile of metabolites between tumor microenvironment and the systemic environment. Additionally, the surgical removal of the GC tissue restored the levels of the molecules cited above to different extent in postoperative GC patients, indicating the relationship of systemic environment to tumor microenvironment. The results further suggested that metabolomic analysis of intact tissues is potentially an alternative technique for the clinical diagnosis of GC.
机译：局部肿瘤对整个系统的代谢作用以及肿瘤微环境与系统性大环境之间的联系鲜为人知。在这项研究中，我们对胃癌（GC）患者，术后GC患者和慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）患者的组织和血浆中的代谢物进行了分析。 GC患者的组织和血浆表现出与CSG对照组明显不同的代谢表型。糖酵解，三羧酸循环（TCA）和氨基酸更新显着提高了GC组织代谢的特征；与对照组相比，在GC组织中观察到的代谢紊乱和在GC组织中的代谢扰动更大。值得注意的是，在组织和血浆中，表征GC的区分代谢物的水平没有正相关。例如，相对于它们的CSG对照，TCA中间体，乳酸，氨基酸和游离脂肪酸在组织中含量更高，但在血浆中的浓度更低。而GC患者的组织和血浆中的葡萄糖均低于对照组。我们首次显示了肿瘤微环境与全身环境之间代谢物的平衡分布。另外，手术后GC组织的切除在术后GC患者中将上述分子的水平恢复到不同程度，这表明全身环境与肿瘤微环境之间的关系。结果进一步表明，完整组织的代谢组学分析可能是GC临床诊断的另一种技术。

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