Administration

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Administration

机译：管理

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Vertical integration occurs when a firm expands its activities vertically, and increases the number of value chain stages that it engages in (Barney, 2010). Firms may vertically integrate for a number of reasons, such as to reduce transaction costs or to leverage valuable, rare, and costly-to-imitate resources and capabilities (Barney, 2010). Vertical integration allows firms to reduce transaction costs by minimizing the threats of opportunism and allowing investments in transaction-specific assets to take place (Williamson, 1981). Mining railroads, commonly used to transport copper and iron ore in the Upper Midwest (King, 2003), are a clear example of a transaction-specific investment.

机译：当企业垂直扩展其业务并增加其参与的价值链阶段的数量时，就会发生垂直整合（Barney，2010）。公司可能出于多种原因进行垂直整合，例如降低交易成本或利用有价值，稀有且昂贵的模仿资源和能力（Barney，2010年）。纵向整合允许企业通过最大程度地降低机会主义威胁并允许对特定于交易的资产进行投资来降低交易成本（Williamson，1981）。采矿铁路，通常用于在中西部上西部运输铜和铁矿石（King，2003年），是针对交易进行投资的明显例子。

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《Michigan Academician》 |2018年第3期|355-360|共6页
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