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Component-based design of cyber-physical applications with safety-critical requirements

机译：具有安全关键要求的基于组件的网络物理应用程序设计

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Cyber-physical systems typically involve large numbers of mobile autonomous devices that closely interact with each other and their environment. Standard design and development techniques often fail to effectively manage the complexity and dynamics of such systems. As a result, there is a strong need for new programing models and abstractions. Towards this, component-based design methods are a promising solution. However, existing such approaches either do not accurately model transitory interactions between components - which are typical of cyber-physical systems - or do not provide guarantees for real-time behavior which is essential in safety-critical applications. To overcome this problem, we present a component-based design technique based on DEECo (Dependable Emergent Ensembles of Components). The DEECo framework allows modeling large-scale dynamic systems by a set of interacting components and, in contrast to approaches from the literature, it provides mechanisms to describe transitory interactions between them. To allow reasoning about timing behavior at the component-description level, we characterize DEECo's closed-loop delay in the worst case, i.e., the maximum time needed to react to a change in the environment. Based on this, we incorporate real-time analysis into DEECo's design flow. This further allows us to analyze the system's robustness under unreliable communication and to design decentralized safety-preserving mechanisms. To illustrate the simplicity and usefulness of our approach, we present a case study consisting of an intelligent crossroad system. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：网络物理系统通常会包含大量相互密切联系的移动自主设备及其环境。标准设计和开发技术通常无法有效地管理此类系统的复杂性和动态性。结果，强烈需要新的编程模型和抽象。为此，基于组件的设计方法是一种很有前途的解决方案。但是，现有的此类方法或者不能准确地建模组件之间的短暂交互作用（这是网络物理系统的典型特征），或者不能为在安全关键型应用程序中必不可少的实时行为提供保证。为了克服这个问题，我们提出了一种基于DEECo（可靠的组件紧急集成）的基于组件的设计技术。 DEECo框架允许通过一组相互作用的组件对大型动态系统进行建模，并且与文献中的方法相比，它提供了描述它们之间的短暂相互作用的机制。为了在组件描述级别上推理时序行为，我们描述了DEECo在最坏情况下的闭环延迟，即对环境变化做出反应所需的最大时间。基于此，我们将实时分析纳入DEECo的设计流程。这进一步使我们能够在不可靠的通信下分析系统的鲁棒性，并设计分散的安全保护机制。为了说明我们方法的简单性和实用性，我们提出了一个由智能十字路口系统组成的案例研究。 （C）2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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