Whenever a country's government or ruling entity is weak or has trouble controlling portions of its land or population, there likely has been a warlord power-broker to fill the void. In Warlords: Strong-Arm Brokers in Weak States, Kimberly Marten uses current examples to demonstrate how outsourcing security to tribal or ethnic leaders (who play by their own rules) leads to short-term success for a state, but in the end leads to long-term state failure. Marten defines warlords as individuals who control small pieces of territory through a combination offeree and patronage. The warlords rule in defiance of genuine state sovereignty, but also exist due to the complicity of the state's leaders.
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