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Ground Combat at High Altitude

机译：高空地面作战

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High mountain terrain is often inaccessible, uninhabitable or of no apparent value, yet peoples and states still fight to possess it. Long, bloody wars have been fought, and are being fought for mountain real estate located between 10,000 and 23,000 feet [3050 and 7015 meters]. Over the past fifty years, high-altitude combat has raged in Africa, Asia, and South America. The Chinese invaded Tibet in 1953 and fought a subsequent guerrilla war there until 1974. From 1953 to 1958, British troops fought Mau-Mau separatists in the Aberdares Mountains of Kenya. In 1962, China and India battled in the Himalayan Mountains bordering Bhutan and Tibet. Soviets fought Afghan Mujahideen in the towering Hindu Kush Mountains from 1979 to 1989. The Peruvian government hunted the Sendero Luminoso guerrillas in the Andes Mountains throughout the 1980s. India and Pakistan have continually battled for possession of the Siachen Glacier since April 1984 and fight sporadically over disputed Kashmir as they have since 1948. Today, Colombia's government troops are fighting the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the National Liberation Army (ELN) guerrillas high in the Andes, and Russian soldiers are fighting Chechen separatists high in the Caucasus Mountains. The U.S. Army has no experience fighting in truly high mountains and its mountain warfare manuals deal primarily with low and medium mountains and stress the use of helicopter aviation to conduct that combat. However, helicopters cannot haul normal loads over 13,000 feet [3965 meters] since their rotors lack thick enough air to "bite" into, and high altitude weather conditions will frequently shut down flying for days. High-altitude combat differs from medium- and low-mountain altitude combat and requires a different orientation and force structure. Other armies have experience in truly high mountains and can provide valuable guidance and expertise. The U.S. Army needs to know how to conduct high-altitude mountain warfare, develop the tactics, techniques, and procedures to do so, and share the experience of other armies to understand and prepare for possible high-altitude conflicts.
机译：高山地形通常是无法接近，无法居住或没有明显价值的，但人民和国家仍在为拥有它而战。已经进行了长时间的流血战争，并且正在为10,000至23,000英尺（3050至7015米）之间的山区房地产而战。在过去的五十年中，高空作战在非洲，亚洲和南美展开。中国人于1953年入侵西藏，并在那里进行了后来的游击战争，直到1974年。从1953年到1958年，英军在肯尼亚的阿伯达雷斯山脉与毛毛分离主义者作战。 1962年，中国和印度在与不丹和西藏接壤的喜马拉雅山脉作战。从1979年到1989年，苏联人在参天的兴都库什山脉与阿富汗圣战者战斗。秘鲁政府在整个1980年代在安第斯山脉捕猎Sendero Luminoso游击队。自1984年4月以来，印度和巴基斯坦一直在争夺Siachen冰川，并自1948年以来就一直在争夺有争议的克什米尔地区进行零星争夺。今天，哥伦比亚政府军正在与哥伦比亚革命武装力量（FARC）和民族解放军（ ELN）游击队在安第斯山脉上空，而俄国士兵则在高加索山脉上空与车臣分离主义者作战。美国陆军没有在真正高山上作战的经验，其山战手册主要针对中低山区，并强调使用直升机航空进行这种战斗。但是，直升飞机无法承受超过13,000英尺（3965米）的正常载荷，因为其旋翼缺少足够的空气来“咬”进去，而且高海拔的天气条件经常会导致飞行中断数天。高空作战不同于中低空作战，需要不同的方向和部队结构。其他军队在真正的高山上都有经验，可以提供宝贵的指导和专业知识。美国陆军需要知道如何进行高海拔山区战争，制定相应的战术，技术和程序，并分享其他军队的经验以了解并为可能发生的高海拔冲突做准备。

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