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NEWTON, INDUSTRY, AND EMPIRE

机译：牛顿，工业和帝国

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摘要

Book titles flag changes in historical fashion. In 1983, when John Yolton published his important book on eighteenth-century materialism, he called it Thinking Matter. In contrast, Margaret Jacob's and Larry Stewart's recent account of the same topic carries the title Practical Matter - perhaps reflecting the fact that historians are now as interested in charting the practices and applications of science as they are in analysing the development of abstract ideas. While Yolton focused on great philosophers, such as John Locke, David Hume, and Ralph Cudworth, these two co-authors feature industrial entrepreneurs and devote almost as many pages to John Theophilus Desaguliers as to his patron and mentor, Isaac Newton. Jacob and Stewart do not refer to Yolton. Yet, despite this fundamental shift in approach that has occurred during the past few decades, they have chosen the same point of departure: the perceived threats to religious orthodoxy posed by materialism. Their story opens with Galileo and the Inquisition, and presents a battle between the new science and a reactionary Roman Catholic Church. The authors claim that they will examine 'why and how, despite the opposition of the Inquisition and countless other powerful guardians of tradition, a scientific understanding of the world gained acceptance and application throughout much of the Western world' (p. 3). In their account of the victory of science, these formidable oppo-nents are defeated early on, and the sub-title provides a more accurate, if more mundane description.
机译：书名标志着历史时尚的变化。 1983年，约翰·尤尔顿（John Yolton）出版了有关18世纪唯物主义的重要著作时，他将其命名为《思考问题》。相比之下，玛格丽特·雅各布（Margaret Jacob）和拉里·斯图尔特（Larry Stewart）最近对同一主题的论述以“实用问题”为题-也许反映了这样一个事实，即历史学家现在对分析科学的实践和应用以及对分析抽象概念的发展一样感兴趣。 Yolton专注于约翰洛克（John Locke），大卫休姆（David Hume）和拉尔夫库德沃斯（Ralph Cudworth）等伟大的哲学家，而这两位合著者则以工业企业家为特色，他们对约翰·西奥菲勒斯·德萨古里耶斯（John Theophilus Desaguliers）的投入几乎与其书店和指导者艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）一样多。雅各布和斯图尔特没有提到Yolton。然而，尽管在过去几十年中发生了这种方法上的根本性转变，但他们选择了相同的出发点：唯物主义对宗教正统观念的可感知威胁。他们的故事从伽利略和宗教裁判所开始，介绍了新科学与反动的罗马天主教会之间的斗争。作者声称，他们将研究“为什么以及如何进行，尽管宗教裁判所和无数其他强大的传统捍卫者表示反对，但对世界的科学理解却在整个西方世界中得到了接受和应用”（第3页）。考虑到科学的胜利，这些强大的反对者在早期就被击败了，副标题提供了更准确，甚至更平凡的描述。

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  • 来源
    《Minerva》 |2005年第4期|p.435-439|共5页
  • 作者

    Patricia Fara;

  • 作者单位

    Clare College University of Cambridge Trinity Lane Cambridge CB2 1TL UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 文化理论;
  • 关键词

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