Beyond Private and Public Research: The Legal and Organizational Reality Behind Industrial Research Institutes in Interwar France

Krasnodebski Marcin

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Beyond Private and Public Research: The Legal and Organizational Reality Behind Industrial Research Institutes in Interwar France

机译：超越私人和公共研究：两次世界大战期间法国工业研究所背后的法律和组织现实

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The initiatives attempting to forge links between the academia and the industry flourished in France after World War I. The so-called "industrial institutes" shared a common goal: to reinvigorate the French economy through science. Because of their focus on applied research, they differed from traditional engineering schools that usually neglected laboratory work and innovation. However, while the industrial institutes were a distinct category that shows broader trends in science-industry relations, from a formal point of view they did not constitute a coherent category. The term "institute" was ambiguous and applied to various legal and administrative arrangements. While the French state attempted to unify terminology by introducing "faculty institutes" through the 1920 Decree on the constitution of universities, the measure was not sufficient to englobe all types of institutions. The diversity of organizational realities behind the industrial institutes is, however, useful for analyzing power structures and hierarchies in a given industrial sector. The legal form of an industrial institute was conditioned by the state and the robustness of the industry that funded it. As such, the history of the French industrial institutes may constitute a fertile ground for broader analyses on the impact of power relations on the legal reality behind the initiatives uniting science and industry.

机译：试图在学术界和工业界建立联系的举措在第一次世界大战后在法国蓬勃发展。所谓的“工业机构”有一个共同目标：通过科学重振法国经济。由于专注于应用研究，因此它们与通常忽略实验室工作和创新的传统工程学校不同。但是，尽管工业机构是一个独特的类别，在科学与工业的关系中显示出更广泛的趋势，但从形式上看，它们并不构成一个连贯的类别。 “机构”一词含糊不清，适用于各种法律和行政安排。虽然法国试图通过1920年《大学宪法法令》引入“教职机构”来统一术语，但这一措施不足以使所有类型的机构陷入困境。但是，工业机构背后的组织现实的多样性对于分析给定工业部门的权力结构和等级结构很有用。工业学院的法律形式取决于国家和资助它的行业的健全性。因此，法国工业机构的历史可能为进一步分析权力关系对科学和工业联合行动背后的法律现实的影响奠定了沃土。

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来源
《Minerva》 |2018年第3期|333-355|共23页
作者
Krasnodebski Marcin;
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作者单位

Univ Bordeaux, EA SPH Sci 4574, Philosophie, Humanites, 40 Rue Lamartine, F-33405 Talence, France;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
关键词
Industrial research; Science policy; Interwar France; Coal; Optics; Resin;

机译：工业研究;科学政策;两次世界大战法国;煤炭;光学;树脂;

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Beyond Private and Public Research: The Legal and Organizational Reality Behind Industrial Research Institutes in Interwar France

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