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Mining haul truck cab noise: an evaluation of three acoustical environments

机译：采矿卡车的驾驶室噪声：三种声学环境的评估

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摘要

Mining haul trucks comprise the majority of the equipment used in underground limestone mining operations and are known to emit high levels of noise. A previous study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicates that 70-90 % of all miners have a noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) great enough to be classified as a hearing disability by retirement age. These results demonstrate the public health need to protect the hearing of workers in the mining industry, including haul truck drivers. Cab enclosures present an opportunity to isolate the haul truck operator from both truck and other noise in the mining environment. A total of 25 haul truck cabs were studied. They were divided into three style (treatment) categories determined by soundproofing features and technology for noise reduction: old-, new- and retrofitted-style. This study examines the contribution of cab acoustics, operator performance and maintenance to noise reduction for each cab style. Dosimeters were used to measure eight-hour time weighted average sound pressure levels (TWA^sub 8^ SPLs) inside and outside the cabs. The main objective was to determine the noise levels inside of the three types of cabs (with different acoustical treatments) and determine if the noise levels were significantly different. Adherence to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 90 dB TWA^sub 8^ (with a 90 dB threshold) was used as the main indicator of overall noise reduction achieved. Dosimetery results indicated that all but two samples measured outside of the cab exceeded the MSHA PEL. However, only 2% of the samples measured inside of the cabs exceeded the PEL, but samples could still be reduced much further. Descriptive and comparative statistics indicate that noise levels inside the new-style cabs are significantly lower than the other two cab styles. Also, data suggest that there is no difference in noise exposures when comparing the old-style to retrofitted cab styles. Operator influence (opening doors and windows) was a significant factor for increasing noise exposure. This paper demonstrates that properly designed cabs can achieve major noise reductions, but noise levels could still be reduced much further below the MSHA PEL. New-style cabs, equipped with modern noise-reduction treatments, exhibit much lower noise exposures than the other two cabs styles, and the effectiveness of the current noise-reduction treatments for retrofitted cabs is questionable. Haul truck driver observations indicate that improved noise exposure reduction training is needed. Finally, specific targets for future noise reduction research are suggested that will further contribute to the prevention of hearing loss for haul truck operators. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
机译：矿用运输卡车构成了地下石灰石采矿作业中使用的大多数设备，并且已知会产生高水平的噪音。美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）进行的一项先前的研究表明，所有矿工中70-90％的人有噪音引起的听力损失（NIHL），足以按退休年龄归类为听力障碍。这些结果表明，公共卫生需要保护采矿业工人（包括运输卡车司机）的听力。驾驶室外壳提供了一个机会，可以将运输卡车的操作员与采矿环境中的卡车和其他噪音隔离。共研究了25个运输卡车的驾驶室。根据隔音功能和降噪技术，它们分为三种风格（处理）类别：旧式，新式和翻新式。这项研究研究了每种驾驶室样式的驾驶室声学，操作员性能和维护对降低噪音的贡献。剂量计用于测量驾驶室内外的8小时时间加权平均声压级（TWA ^ sub 8 ^ SPL）。主要目的是确定三种类型的驾驶室（采用不同的声学处理）内部的噪音水平，并确定噪音水平是否存在显着差异。遵守矿山安全与健康管理局（MSHA）的90 dB TWA ^ sub 8 ^（阈值90 dB）的允许暴露极限（PEL）被用作实现总体降噪的主要指标。剂量测定结果表明，在驾驶室外部测得的除了两个样品外，所有样品均超过了MSHA PEL。但是，在驾驶室内测得的样本中只有2％超过了PEL，但样本仍可以进一步减少。描述性和比较性统计数据表明，新型驾驶室内部的噪音水平明显低于其他两种驾驶室样式。同样，数据表明，将旧样式与改装的驾驶室样式进行比较时，噪声暴露没有差异。操作员的影响（打开门窗）是增加噪音暴露的重要因素。本文表明，正确设计的驾驶室可以实现较大的降噪效果，但仍可以将噪声水平降低到低于MSHA PEL的水平。配备了现代降噪处理的新型驾驶室与其他两种驾驶室相比，其噪声暴露要低得多，目前对改装驾驶室进行的降噪处理的有效性值得怀疑。牵引卡车驾驶员的观察表明，需要改进减少噪声暴露的培训。最后，提出了未来降噪研究的具体目标，这些目标将进一步有助于防止运输卡车操作者的听力损失。 [出版物摘要]

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    《Mining Engineering》 |2009年第10期|p.36-42|共7页
  • 作者

    S B Bealko;

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    S.B. BEALKOS.J. Bealko, member SME is mining Engineer with the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh. PA. Paper number TP-08-005. Original manuscript submitted Nov. 2008. Revised manuscript accepted for publication May 2009. Discussion of this peer-reviewed and approved paper is invited and must be submitted to SME Publications Dept. prior to Jan. 31, 2010.;

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