首页> 外文期刊>Molecular Biology and Evolution >Interactions among Proteins of Floral MADS-Box Genes in Basal Eudicots: Implications for Evolution of the Regulatory Networkn for Flower Development
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Interactions among Proteins of Floral MADS-Box Genes in Basal Eudicots: Implications for Evolution of the Regulatory Networkn for Flower Development

机译:基底双子叶植物中的花卉MADS框基因的蛋白质之间的相互作用:对发展花卉调控网络的演变的启示。

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Floral MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that play critical roles in the development and evolution of the flower. Proteins of floral MADS-box genes regulate the expression of their downstream genes by forming various homodimers/heterodimers and quaternary complexes. Interactions among proteins of floral MADS-box genes have been documented in several model species, yet the information accumulated so far is still not sufficient to draw a general picture of the evolution of the interactions. We have characterized 28 putative floral MADS-box genes from three representative basal eudicots (i.e., Euptelea pleiospermum, Akebia trifoliata, and Pachysandra terminalis) and investigated the protein–protein interactions (PPIs) among the proteins encoded by these genes using yeast two-hybrid assays. We found that, although the PPIs in basal eudicots are largely consistent with those in core eudicots and monocots, there are lineage-specific features that have not been observed elsewhere. We also reconstructed the evolutionary histories of the PPIs among members of seven MADS-box gene lineages (i.e., AP1, AP3, PI, AG, STK, AGL2, and AGL9) in angiosperms. We revealed that the PPIs were extremely conserved in nine (or 32.1%) of the 28 possible combinations, whereas considerable variations existed in seven (25.0%) of them; in the remaining 12 (or 42.9%) combinations, however, no interaction was observed. Notably, most of the PPIs required for the formation of quaternary complexes, as suggested by the “quartet model,” were highly conserved. This suggested that the evolutionarily conservative PPIs may have played critical roles in the establishment of the basic structure (or architecture) of the flower and experienced coevolution to maintain their functions. The evolutionarily variable PPIs, however, seem to have played subsidiary roles in flower development and have contributed to the variation in floral traits.
机译:花MADS-box基因编码在花的发育和进化中起关键作用的转录因子。花MADS-box基因的蛋白质通过形成各种同二聚体/异二聚体和四元复合物来调节其下游基因的表达。花卉的MADS-box基因的蛋白质之间的相互作用已在几种模型物种中得到了证明,但迄今为止积累的信息仍不足以得出相互作用演变的一般情况。我们已经表征了来自三个代表性基底双子叶植物(即Euptelea pleiospermum,Akebia trifoliata和Pachysandra terminalis)的28个推定的花卉MADS-box基因,并使用酵母双杂交技术研究了这些基因编码的蛋白质之间的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)分析。我们发现,尽管基底双子叶植物中的PPI与核心双子叶植物和单子叶植物中的PPI基本一致,但仍存在其他地方未观察到的特定于谱系的特征。我们还重建了被子植物中7个MADS-box基因谱系(即AP1,AP3,PI,AG,STK,AGL2和AGL9)的成员之间PPI的进化历史。我们发现,在28种可能的组合中的9种(或32.1%)中,PPI极为保守,而其中的7种(25.0%)则存在相当大的差异。在其余12种(或42.9%)组合中,没有观察到相互作用。值得注意的是,正如“四方模型”所建议的,形成季配合物所需的大多数PPI都是高度保守的。这表明进化上保守的PPI可能在花卉的基本结构(或体系结构)的建立中起着关键作用,并且经历了共同进化以维持其功能。然而,进化上可变的PPI似乎在花的发育中起了辅助作用,并促进了花性状的变化。

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