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首页> 外文期刊>Motivation and Emotion >The Role of Basic, Self-Conscious and Self-Conscious Evaluative Emotions in Children’s Memory and Understanding of Emotion
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The Role of Basic, Self-Conscious and Self-Conscious Evaluative Emotions in Children’s Memory and Understanding of Emotion

机译：基本的，自觉的和自觉的评估情感在儿童记忆和理解情感中的作用

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In past research, emotion has been classified as basic, self-conscious or self-conscious evaluative, with each type of emotion being progressively more difficult for children to understand (Lewis, M. (2000a). In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 265–280), New York, NY: The Guilford Press). Although researchers have examined children’s understanding of individual emotions (e.g., guilt), researchers have not assessed children’s understanding and memory for emotions based on this classification. In the present research, 6-, 8- and 10-year-old children’s memory and understanding of basic, self-conscious and self-conscious evaluative emotions were examined. Although a memory advantage was found for emotions, this effect was less so for the younger children and less so for non-basic emotions. In fact, 6-year-old children and, to a lesser extent 8-year-old children, were more likely than older children to recall self-conscious and self-conscious evaluative emotions with basic emotion labels, and were more likely to explain them using basic emotion labels. Overall, negative emotions (e.g., mad, guilt) were better recalled than positive emotions (e.g., happy, pride), regardless of type of emotion. Gender differences were found as girls were more likely to remember emotion than boys, especially when the emotion action was specifically labeled and a female character experienced it.
机译：在过去的研究中，情感已被分类为基本的，自我意识的或自我意识的评估，每种类型的情感对于儿童来说越来越难以理解（Lewis，M.（2000a）。在Lewis和JM Haviland中，琼斯（编辑），《情感手册》（第二版，第265-280页），纽约，纽约：吉尔福德出版社。尽管研究人员研究了孩子对单个情感的理解（例如，内感），但研究人员尚未根据此分类评估孩子对情感的理解和记忆。在本研究中，研究了6、8和10岁儿童对基本，自我意识和自我意识的评估情绪的记忆和理解。尽管在情绪方面具有记忆优势，但对于年幼的孩子而言，这种影响较小，对于非基本情绪而言，这种影响较小。实际上，与较大的孩子相比，6岁的孩子和较小的8岁的孩子更容易回忆起带有基本情绪标签的自我意识和自我意识的评估情绪，并且更有可能解释他们使用基本的情感标签。总体而言，无论情绪类型如何，负面情绪（例如，疯狂，内））要比正面情绪（例如，快乐，自尊）更好地被回忆。发现性别差异是因为女孩比男孩更容易记住情绪，特别是当情绪动作被特别标记并且女性角色经历了情绪时。

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