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Secure and Robust Two-Phase Image Authentication

机译:安全可靠的两阶段图像认证

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摘要

A novel two-phase robust content-based image authentication scheme is introduced. The proposed scheme is constructed based on a combination of hard and soft authentication using two existing generic approximate message authentication codes (AMACs). The AMACs combine error- correcting codes with cryptographic primitives such as message authentication codes and symmetric encryption algorithms. The message authentication codes are used for hard authentication, whereas the error-correcting codes introduce a certain degree of robustness in authentication. This is achieved by correcting minor unintentional modifications as a result of common image processing operations such as quantization , compression , and noise addition. The two-phase image authentication scheme verifies the authenticity of an image in two phases. The low frequency elements of the image in a transform domain are subjected to the first phase while some higher frequency elements are left to the second phase if the first phase succeeds. The proposed scheme tolerates common content- preserving modifications in an image but can discriminate intentional modifications affecting the image content. Mathematical bounds for the accuracy and the security level of the proposed approach are estimated and the performance is compared with some other well-known schemes in the literature. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme shows high discriminating capability and can detect different types of meaningful forgery attacks on images while preserving the robustness. It also outperforms the benchmark image authentication schemes in terms of tradeoff between robustness and fragility.
机译:介绍了一种新颖的基于内容的两阶段鲁棒性图像认证方案。所提出的方案是基于使用两个现有的通用近似消息认证码(AMAC)的硬认证和软认证的组合而构造的。 AMAC将纠错码与加密原语(例如消息身份验证码和对称加密算法)结合在一起。消息认证码用于硬认证,而纠错码在认证中引入了一定程度的鲁棒性。这是通过纠正由于常见的图像处理操作(例如量化,压缩和噪声添加)而导致的微小的无意修改来实现的。两阶段图像认证方案分两阶段验证图像的真实性。如果第一阶段成功,则变换域中图像的低频元素将进入第一阶段,而一些更高频率的元素将进入第二阶段。所提出的方案可以容忍图像中的常见内容保留修改,但可以区分影响图像内容的故意修改。估计了所提出方法的准确性和安全级别的数学界限,并将其性能与文献中其他一些知名方案进行了比较。结果表明,该方案具有较高的鉴别能力,可以在保持鲁棒性的同时,对图像进行有意义的伪造攻击检测。在健壮性和脆弱性之间的权衡方面,它也优于基准图像认证方案。

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