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Participation in the Community Rating System of NFIP:Empirical Analysis of North Carolina Counties

机译：参与NFIP社区评估系统：北卡罗莱纳州县的经验分析

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摘要

To motivate flood insurance purchase and promote flood hazard awareness and mitigation, the Community Rating System (CRS) of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) credits floodplain management activities and awards flood insurance premium discounts. CRS, however, has been marked by a lack of active participation since its inception. The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence related to community decisions involving incentive-based flood risk mitigation projects. A number of hypotheses offered by previous researchers regarding factors that motivate local hazard management initiatives are tested through an examination of patterns in CRS participation across all 100 North Carolina counties from 1991 to 2002. Specifically, the influence of flood experience, hydrological risk, local capacity, and socioeconomic factors on county hazard mitigation decisions are examined. Results indicate that flood history and physical risk factors increase likelihood of local hazard mitigation adoption. Evidence is found that the probability of CRS participation is lower in counties with a greater proportion of senior citizens and greater level of education and that flood hazard mitigation activities at the county level are more likely when a greater number of nested of municipalities participate in CRS.
机译：为了激励购买洪水保险并促进人们对洪水灾害的认识和缓解，美国国家洪水保险计划（NFIP）的社区评估系统（CRS）对洪泛区管理活动给予了信贷，并给予了洪水保险费折扣。但是，CRS自成立以来一直缺乏积极参与。这项研究的目的是提供与社区决策有关的经验证据，这些决策涉及基于激励的洪水风险缓解项目。通过检查1991年至2002年北卡罗来纳州所有100个县的CRS参与模式，检验了以前的研究人员提供的有关刺激当地灾害管理计划因素的多种假设。具体来说，包括洪水经验，水文风险，当地能力的影响，并研究了县级减灾决策中的社会经济因素。结果表明，洪水历史和物理风险因素增加了采用局部缓解措施的可能性。有证据表明，在老年人比例较高和受教育程度较高的县中，参与CRS的可能性较低，并且当有更多的嵌套城市参与CRS时，在县一级进行洪水危害缓解活动的可能性更大。

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