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Gender and Age Factors in Tsunami Casualties

机译：海啸伤亡中的性别和年龄因素

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摘要

A tsunami casualty model is developed with criteria based on whether a person can remain standing within tsunami flow. A simplified model of a human body is made using anthropometric data. By applying the model to tsunami inundation predictions generated by analytic solution of fully nonlinear shallow-water wave theory, we demonstrate quantitatively that differences in gender and age fatalities are most pronounced when a tsunami is marginally significant; strong tsunamis wipe out population almost indiscriminately. This trend is consistent with some of the field observations. It is important to consider gender and age factors when a coastal community plans for tsunami preparedness. Because the development of the casualty model is based solely on physical mechanisms, the model results can be used to remove physical causes from field data, which then allows for further investigation of social and behavioral factors.
机译：建立了海啸伤亡模型，其标准基于一个人是否可以站在海啸潮中。使用人体测量数据可以简化人体模型。通过将模型应用于完全非线性浅水波理论的解析解所产生的海啸淹没预测，我们定量地证明了当海啸严重时，性别和年龄死亡率的差异最为明显。强烈的海啸几乎不加区分地消灭了人口。这种趋势与一些实地观察一致。在沿海社区计划进行海啸防范时，必须考虑性别和年龄因素。由于伤亡模型的开发仅基于物理机制，因此模型结果可用于从现场数据中消除物理原因，从而可以进一步研究社会和行为因素。

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