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Return Of The Knight

机译：骑士归来

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Forty millennia ago, in what is now southwestern France, Neanderthals fashioned stone tools in a rockshelter overlooking the River Vezere. Their technique was to carefully shape a stone "core" on both sides until a single blow would detach a sharp flake of desired size and shape. In the nineteenth century their tools were uncovered, and the name of the site, Le Moustier, became attached to similar artifacts wherever they subsequently turned up (in archaeological lingo, they all belong to "the Mousterian tool tradition"). Between 1911 and 1913 the French anatomist Marcellin Boule published the first description of a reasonably complete Neanderthal skeleton. Those discoveries provided the inspiration and scientific basis for The Neanderthal Flint Workers of the River Vezere, shown here, one of the master-works of Charles R. Knight, America's leading portrayer of extinct animals during the first half of the twentieth century.rnThe painting was completed in 1920 for the American Museum of Natural History's Hall of the Age of Man. Prepared under the guidance of the museum's director, the vertebrate paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, it reflected the view of Neanderthals current atrnthe time. They were, in Knight's words, "short, stocky, and uncouth in appearance ... a very lowly form of the human animal." Current reconstructions represent them as altogether less crouched and brutish. Despite the biases of his time, however, Knight managed to convey the Neanderthals' dignity as a "distinct species . . . very intelligent and well fitted to their time and place."
机译：四千年前，在如今的法国西南部，尼安德特人（Neanderthals）在可以俯瞰维泽雷河（River Vezere）的岩石棚中制作石器。他们的技术是仔细地在两侧修整一块石头“核”，直到一次击打就能分离出所需大小和形状的锋利薄片。在19世纪，人们发现了他们的工具，而后来出现的地点都被冠以Le Moustier的名称（在考古学术语中，它们都属于“ Mousterian工具传统”）。在1911至1913年之间，法国解剖学家马塞林·布尔（Marcellin Boule）首次发表了有关合理完整的尼安德特人骨骼的描述。这些发现为维泽尔河的尼安德特人火石工人提供了灵感和科学依据，如此处所示，它是查尔斯·R·奈特的杰作之一，查尔斯·R·奈特是二十世纪上半叶美国主要灭绝动物的刻画者。它于1920年为美国自然历史博物馆的人类时代大厅建成。它是在博物馆馆长，脊椎动物古生物学家亨利·费尔菲尔德·奥斯本（Henry Fairfield Osborn）的指导下编写的，反映了当时尼安德特人的看法。用奈特的话来说，它们“外表矮胖，矮胖……是人类的一种非常卑鄙的形式。”当前的重建工作表明它们完全没有蹲伏和残酷。尽管他的时代存在偏见，但奈特设法将尼安德特人作为“独特的物种……非常聪明，非常适合他们的时间和地点”来传达尊严。

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