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Scale structure, coercion, and the interpretation of measure phrases in Japanese

机译:量表的结构,强制和日语中量词的解释

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This paper investigates the semantics of measure phrases in Japanese. Based orrnew data, we argue that the interpretation of measure phrases in Japanese is sensitive to scale structure such that (i) measure phrases are introduced by a degree morpheme that selects only for gradable predicates whose scale contains a minimal element (i.e., a lower closed scale) and (ii) violations to this restriction are repaired via coercion, which forces a comparative interpretation with a contextually determined standard and hence a minimal element. We compare the Japanese facts to data in other languages and argue that the requirement of having a minimal element is not specific to Japanese, but universal. We show that languages may vary in how they deal with potential violations of this universal constraint, including coercion of a contextually recoverable derived minimal element (Japanese), ungrammaticality (e.g., Spanish, Korean, Russian), and a hybrid system of ungrammaticality for some adjectives and allowed constraint violation for others (e.g., English, German, Italian).
机译:本文研究了日语中量词短语的语义。根据orrnew数据,我们认为日语中的量词短语的解释对量表结构很敏感,因此(i)量词短语是由一个程度词素引入的,该词素仅选择其量表包含最小元素(即,较低的封闭式)的可谓词。量表)和(ii)违反此限制条件的行为可以通过强制手段加以纠正,这会强制使用上下文确定的标准进行比较性解释,因此需要最小限度的内容。我们将日本的事实与其他语言的数据进行了比较,并认为拥有最小元素的要求不是特定于日语的,而是通用的。我们表明,语言在处理潜在违反这一普遍性约束的方式方面可能会有所不同,包括强制性地恢复上下文相关的派生最小元素(日语),不合语法(例如西班牙语,韩语,俄语)以及针对某些语言的不合语法混合系统形容词并允许其他人违反约束(例如,英语,德语,意大利语)。

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